英语语法专用术语缩写一览表

语法Grammar

结构structure句子sentence从句clause词组phrase

词性partofspeech单词word

名词Noun

专有名词propernoun普通名词commonnoun可数名词countablenoun

不可数名词uncountablenoun抽象名词abstractnoun具体名词concretenoun物质名词materialnoun集体名词collectivenoun个体名词individualnoun介词preposition连词conjunction

动词Verb

及物动词transitiveverb不及物动词intransitiveverb系动词linkverb

助动词auxiliaryverb情态动词modalverb实义动词notionalverb

规则动词regularverb

不规则动词irregularverb使役动词causativeverb感官动词verbofsenses动态动词eventverb静态动词stateverb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective

副词Adverb

疑问副词interrogativeadverb关系副词relativeadverb

代词Pronoun

人称代词personalpronoun物主代词possessivepronoun反身代词reflexivepronoun相互代词reciprocalpronoun

指示代词demonstrativepronoun疑问代词interrogativepronoun关系代词relativepronoun不定代词indefinitepronoun物主代词possessivepronoun名词性物主代词

nominalpossessivepronoun形容词性物主代词

adjectivalpossessivepronoun

冠词Article

定冠词definitearticle不定冠词indefinitearticle

数词Numeral

基数词cardinalnumeral序数词ordinalnumeral分数词fractionalnumeral形式form

单数形式singularform复数形式pluralform原形baseform

句子成分

Membersofsentences

基本句型basicsentencepattern主语subject谓语predicate

宾语object

复合宾语complexobject同源宾语cognateobject补语complement

宾补objectcomplement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbial

句子Sentence

简单句simplesentence并列句compoundsentence复合句complexsentence并列复合句

compoundcomplexsentence陈述句declarativesentence疑问句interrogativesentence一般疑问句generalquestion特殊疑问句specialquestion选择疑问句alternativequestion反义疑问句disjunctivequestion存在句existentialsentence肯定句positivesentence否定句negativesentence祈使句imperativesentence省略句ellipticalsentence

感叹句exclamatorysentence

从句Clause

从属句subordinateclause并列句coordinateclause名词从句nominalclause定语从句attributiveclause状语从句adverbialclause宾语从句objectclause主语从句subjectclause同位语从句appositiveclause真实条件状语从句

adverbialclauseofrealcondition非真实条件状语从句

adverbialclauseofunrealcondition

句法关系

句法Syntacticrelationship

并列coordinate从属subordination

修饰modification

前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction

双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction

数Number

单数形式singularform复数形式pluralform规则形式regularform不规则形式irregularform

格case

所有格possessivecase主格nominativecase宾格objectivecase

人称person

第一人称firstperson第二人称secondperson第三人称thirdperson

时态Tense

过去将来时pastfuturetense一般现在时presentsimpletense一般过去时pastsimpletense一般将来时futuresimpletense现在完成时pastperfecttense过去完成时presentperfecttense现在进行时

presentcontinuoustense

过去进行时pastcontinuoustense将来进行时futurecontinuoustense

语态Voice

主动语态activevoice被动语态passivevoice

语气Mood

陈述语气indicativemood祈使语气imperativemood虚拟语气subjunctivemood

否定Negation

否定范围scopeofnegation全部否定fullnegation局部否partialnegation转移否定shiftofnegation