英语读音知识

英语音标

元音

前元音：[i:][i][e][]

中元音：[][:][]

后元音：[a:][][:][u][u:]

双元音：[ei][ai][i][au][u][i][][u]

辅音

爆破音：（清）[p][k][t]

（浊）[b][ɡ][d]

摩擦音：（清）[f][][s][][h]

（浊）[v][][z][][r]

破擦音：（清）[t][tr][ts]

（浊）[d][dr][dz]

鼻音：[m][n][]

舌则音：[l]

半元音：[w][j]

单词的读音：辅音与元音拼，拼读时，辅音轻、短一点，元音长、重一点，两音相撞产生一个新音；辅音后无元音，发该辅音；元音前无辅音，发该元音，把每次产生的新音，连起来发，一个单词的读音就形成了。

音节：一个单词中有几个元音字母，就有几个音节。但，几个元音字母在一起的只算一个，结尾的一个E不算。

开音节：一个单词中元音字母发其本音，且是“辅元辅E”结构的。Bike,five.

闭音节：元音字母不发本音，发其对应的音（见下表）且是“辅元辅”结构的单词。Run,get.

元音字母：AEIOU

开音节：[ei][i:][ai][u][ju:]

闭音节：[][e][i][][]/[u]

辅音音标对应字母

[p]对应字母是：P(后无H)pen,map,happy,penfriend

[b]对应字母是：B（注意mb结尾时，b不发音）book,boy，behind,Hob

[k]对应字母是：K,CK,C（后无I/E/Y/H）cake,kite,clock,

[ɡ]对应字母是：G(后无E或是DGE)gate,big,dig,girl

[t]对应字母是：T（后无H/R）time,got,table,little

[d]对应字母是：D（后无GE/R）door,dance,road,middle

[f]对应字母是：F，PHfive,photo,flight,football

[v]对应字母是：Vvest,live,vast,review

[]对应字母是：THthing,three,fifth,throw

[]对应字母是：THthat,this,father,with

[s]对应字母是：S,CE/CI/CY/see,dance,city,certainly

[z]对应字母是：Z,元/浊音后的后加的Szip,zoo,boys,doors

[]对应字母是：SHshop,fish,show,English,sheep

[]对应字母是：U中间的Susuallyunusual

[h]对应字母是：H,WH-hole,whole,who,Helen

[r]对应字母是：R（前无T/D/A/E/O）right,robber,room

[t]对应字母是：CHmuch,chair,chat,China

[d]对应字母是：开头的字母J，-GE,-DGEJune,just,bridge,change

[tr]对应字母是：TRtree,try,trousers

[dr]对应字母是：DRdraw,dress,drive

[ts]对应字母是：-TS,-TESboots,tastes

[dz]对应字母是：-DS,-DESbeds,besides

[m]对应字母是：Mmorning,come,match,comb

[n]对应字母是：N（mn结尾时，n不发音；后无K/G）night,fine,nose,nine

[]对应字母是：-NG,-NKthink,thing,ink,English

[l]对应字母是：Llight,left,let,travel

[w]对应字母是：W-,WH-,-W-why,where,swim,

[j]对应字母是：Y-yes,year,your

元音字母组合

[i:]字母组合：E\EA\EE\I\IEbe,we,please,feet,see,free,police,machine,believe,piece

[i]字母组合:I\E–Yin,six,English,country

[e]字母组合:E\EA\Apen,yellow,health,sweater,any,many

[]字母组合:Abag,man,than,shall

[]字母组合:-ER,-ORworker,visitor

[:]字母组合:ER\IR\UR\OR\EARher,term,bird,first,turn,burn,worse,learn,earth

[]字母组合:U\O\OUcup,hungry,love,front,touch,young

[a:]字母组合:A\AR\AL\AUclass,last,are,hard,start,half,aunt

[]字母组合:A\Owhat,wash,not,long,doll

[:]字母组合:AL\AU\OR\ORE\OOR\OUR\AR\AWall,chalk,daughter,autumn,sport,born,more,before,four,quarter,draw,saw

[u]字母组合:OUL\U\OO\Obook,goodness,could,full,woman,

[u:]字母组合:U\O\OOblue,ruler,do,shoe,zoo,moon

[ei]字母组合:A\-AY\AI\EIGH\-EYname,same,way,day,wait,train,eighteen

[ai]字母组合:I\-Y\IGHI,tiger,by,bye,fly,right,high,

[i]字母组合:OI\OYtoilet,joy,boy,enjoy

[au]字母组合:OU\OWout,count,round,how,down,town

[]字母组合:O\OA\OWclose,only,boat,coat,row,know,show

[i]字母组合:EAR\EER\ERE\EAdear,hear,pioneer,here,idea

[]字母组合:AIR\ERE\EAR\EIR\AREfair,hair,there,wear,their,careful

[]字母组合:UREsure

字母音素归类:

A[ei]:H,J,K

E[i:]:B,C,D,G,P,T,V,

I[ai]:Y

O[]:

U[ju:]:Q,W

[e]:F,L,M,N,S,X,Z

[a:]:R

语音知识

1.关于语音的几个概念

1)字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u,

2)音标：词的语音形式。

3)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。

4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple,stu'dent,tea'cher,un'der'stand

5)元音：发音响亮，是元音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。

6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。

7)开音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音+E:namebikehomedue;b)辅音+元音he,go,hi

8)闭音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音:bad,bed,sit,hot,cup;b)元音+辅音it

9)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。

2.元音：

1)[i:]sea,he,see,piece,ceiling

2)[i]sit,build,miss,myth

3)[e]bed,desk,head,

4)[]bad,land,bank,stamp

5)[a:]car,fast,class,plant,calm,aunt

6)[]hot,want

7)[:]door,more,sport,ball,warm,author,court,bought,caught

8)[u:]good,who,blue,soup,

9)[u]look,put,women,could

10)[]cup,come,blood,rough

11)[:]girl,work,serve,nurse

12)[]cadre,ago,forget,polite,dollar,doctor,famous,Saturday

13)[ei]cake,they,play,eight,great,

14)[ai]bike,die,neither,light,try,find,height,eye

15)[]phone,cold,boat,soul,grow

16)[au]house,town

17)[]boy,oil

18)[]dear,idea,deer,here,fierce,

19)[]pear,care,there,fair

20)[]tour,poor,

3.容易混淆的元音

1)[e][]bedbad;men,man;pen,pan;lendland

2)[i:][ei]realrail;greet,great;mean,main;readraid

3)[e][ai]betbite;redwrite;saidside,head,hide

4)[au][:]househorse;loudlord;southsauce;nownor;countcorn;cloud

5)[au][]foundfond;gowngone;downdon

4.容易混淆的辅音

1)[v][w]vetwet;vestwest;vinewine;verywell

2)[s][]sinkthink;sortthought;missmyth;massmath

3)[z][]closingclothing;breezebreathe;baysbathes

4)[n][]thinthing;sinsing;banbangwinwing;ranrang

5.读音规则

1)重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)

2)非重读音节[]banana,student,today,after,[i]orange,secret,evening,very,Monday

6.特殊读音

1）音的连读：前面的词以元辅音结尾，后面的单词以元音开头，这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。例如：notatall,halfanhour,Iloveyouandall.afterall

2）失去爆破：辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的辅音要失去爆破。例如：goodgirl,goodstudent,goodjob,expression,school,extreme

3）音的同化：两个特殊的音碰到一起，会发出变异成特殊的音。例：Wouldyoudoit?Iamgladtomeetyou.Can'tyouseeit?lastyear,thisyear,

7.重音

1)单词重音

A)双音节词

一般在第一个音节重读。letter,sorry

有a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,dis-,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans-等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。a'bout,be'lieve,ad'dress,de'cide,re'port,con'demn,res'pect,com'pare,in'form,dis'cuss,im'press,mis'take,en'force,pre'pare,em'ploy,per'mit,es'cape,pro'duce,ex'claim,trans'late

有de-,in-,re-,con-,pre-等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关,一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。'record,re'cord;'insult,in'sult;'conduct,con'duct;'presentpre'sent;'content,con'tent

有些复合词和带有前缀re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等的词，有两个重音。'out'side,'re'tell,'well-'known,'un'real,'fif'teen,'Chi'nese,'pre-'war,'post-'war

B)多音节词

a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult,'communist,'family,e'conomy,oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.

b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。'carefully,in'definite,'comfortable,con'ductor,ac'cording,dis'turbance,'complicated,es'tablishment,

c)词尾有-eous,-grahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,ive后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。cour'teous,cal'ligraphy,edi'torial,his'torian,peri'odic,mathe'matics,ex'perience,suf'ficient,i'dentify,trans'lation,re'ligious,curi'osity,pro'tective

d)词尾有-ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。enter'tain,emplo'yee,mountai'neer,Japa'nese,ciga'rette

2)句子重音

A)英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻）（轻）重

B)英语句子的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。

C)实词重读（副词重读），虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be

D)实词不重读的特殊情况

a)实词第二次出现Hethinksofthatasachildthinks.

b)一个名词被第二个名词修饰Imetherintherailwaystation.

c)代替词Whichbookdoyouwant?Thesmallone.

d)感叹词中的what和howWhatagooddayitis!Howbeautifulsheis!

e)street在专有名词中WangfujingStreet.

f)this在这些短语中，thismorning/afternoon/evening

E)虚词重读的特殊情况

a)情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。Doyoulikeit?Yes,Ido.Areyouadoctor?Yes,Iam.Canyouhelpme?Yes,Ican.Idon'tlikeyou.Heisn'taworker.

b)情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时。Theymaycomethisevening.Canitbefivealready?Hemustbeintheroom.

c)介词在句首和句尾。Inthebox,hefoundaletter.HeisthepersonItalkedwith.

d)引导复合句的连词在句首。Ifyouwish,I'llvisityou.Whenhecomes,I'lltellhim.

e)反身代词表示强调。Hecouldn'tcomehimself.