写一篇英语短文关于吸烟的好处与坏处（附带翻译）

吸一支烟后你的身体会立即发生以下变化：

(1)心率加快，血压升高；2）咳嗽；3）肺活量降低，呼吸不良；4）手指、脚趾、皮肤温度降低；5）胃酸增加；6）手指颤抖；7）泌尿减少；8）食欲味觉和嗅觉降低；9）眩晕，眼睛流泪；10）降低记忆力

吸烟可影响身体的许多部分，最直接的影响主要是两大系统：呼吸系统和循环系统。

（1）呼吸系统

1）吸烟可使肺功能受损，痰液及有毒物质不能排除，细菌容易繁殖。长期刺激下形成慢性支气管炎和慢性呼吸道阻塞，进一步可发展肺气肿、冠心病。

2）烟焦油内大量的致癌物附着在呼吸道，长期刺激下可引起呼吸道的各个部位的癌症，以肺癌为主，其他还有口腔癌、唇癌、喉癌等。

（2）吸烟对循环系统的影响

1）香烟中的尼古丁可使心率增快，同时收缩血管，是血压升高；

2）血管长期处在收缩状态，导致血管硬化，管腔变窄，输送的血量减少；

3）营养心肌的冠状动脉硬化后，使心肌得到的氧供应减少，心肌细胞发生变性坏死，导致冠心病；

4）营养脑细胞的动脉血管硬化，血管壁弹性减弱，可诱发脑血管破裂出血，管腔变窄，甚至脑血栓形成和脑栓塞，导致“脑中风”；

5）持续、大量的吸入一氧化碳使机体缺氧，可加重以上病变。

美国科学家根据近年的研究结果，从健康角度，再次向人们提出了戒烟的理由，以期引起世人的重视。

(1)吸烟不但危害自己的健康，而且污染环境，危及周围的不吸烟者，特别是妇女和儿童。许多人知道吸烟损害健康，却不知道吸烟危害健康的严重性。您该戒烟了！

(2)吸烟易导致失眠与非烟民相比，吸烟者更难以入睡及熟睡。香烟中的尼古丁能干扰快速动眼睡眠，造成睡眠质量下降。烟民还较易打鼾，白天易疲乏打瞌睡。

(3)烟民易患糖尿病、心脏病一项对42000名男子的研究发现，与不吸烟的人相比，吸烟者发生非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病的可能性高出1倍多。

30~40岁的烟民心脏病发作者较同龄不吸烟者高5倍。英国一项针对46000例吸烟者的调查首次发现，年轻烟民心脏病发作的危险明显增加，而吸含中等量焦油香烟者又较吸低等量焦油香烟者的心脏病发作率高出10%。

(4)戒烟能降低卒中的危险英国科学家对7264名中年男性进行研究证实，大量吸烟者（每天多于1包），戒烟5年内可使卒中危险减半。而吸烟量每天少于1包者，戒烟5年内可使卒中危险降至未吸烟者水平。

(5)长期吸烟能引起乳腺癌研究表明，妇女吸烟达30年者，较其他妇女发生乳腺癌的危险性高60%，前者发生乳腺癌的平均年龄为59岁，而不吸烟者为67岁。

(6)妇女吸烟会使轻度甲状腺病加重吸烟会明显加重妇女原患有的轻度甲状腺疾病，可能导致甲状腺衰竭。研究还发现妇女吸烟者的平均血清HDL（好胆固醇）比不吸烟者低，故前者心脏病发作明显高于后者。

(7)吸烟引起皱纹一项对1000名40~49岁人群的研究发现，女烟民出现明显皱纹者为女性非烟民的3倍，原因是吸烟会损伤那些与保持皮肤弹性至关重要的血管结缔组织。

(8)吸烟引起肺癌高发过去一直认为，男性死于肺癌与吸烟密切相关，近来研究发现，妇女因吸烟死于肺癌者也显著增加。

吸烟若干年后戒烟是安全的观点是错误的。已戒烟的烟民中发生肺癌危险的持续时间较以往认为的长得多。一项研究发现，肺癌病人中有一半为已戒烟的人。这不是说戒烟无作用，而是告诫人们，只有越早戒除烟瘾才越安全。

(9)戒烟的最佳理由是树立良好榜样。由于50岁死于心脏病者中的80%是由吸烟引起的，所以父母戒烟对下一代有榜样作用。家庭与社会都应对青少年进行吸烟有害的宣传教育，研究证明，如在19岁前不染上吸烟恶习，则以后成为烟民的可能性很小。

Aftercigarettesmoke,yourbodywillimmediatelythefollowingchanges:

(1)speeduptheheartrate,bloodpressure;2)cough;3)toreducelungcapacity,breathingbad;4)fingers,toes,skintemperature;5)toincreasegastricacid;6)tremblingfingers;7)urinaryreduced;8)lossofappetitereducethesensesoftasteandsmell;9)dizziness,eyetears;10)toreducememory

Smokingcanaffectmanypartsofthebody,themostdirectimpactonthetwomajorsystems:respiratoryandcirculatorysystem.

(1)respiratory

1)Smokingcandamagelungfunction,sputumandtoxicsubstancescannotberuledout,bacteriareproduced.Long-termstimulation,theformationofchronicbronchitisandchronicobstructiveairway,andfurthertothedevelopmentofemphysema,coronaryheartdisease.

2)largequantitiesoftarsmokecarcinogensattachedtotherespiratorytract,long-termstimulationcancausevariouspartsoftherespiratorytractcancer,lungcancermainlyOtheroralcancer,lipcancer,larynxandsoon.

(2)theimpactofsmokingonthecirculatorysystem

1)thenicotinecontentincigaretteswillenablefasterheartrate,whilesystolicbloodvessels,ishighbloodpressure;

2)bloodvesselsinthelong-termcontraction,leadingtohardeningofthearteries,luminalnarrowing,reducingthetransmissionofblood;

3)nutritionmyocardiumaftercoronaryartery,sothatmyocardialoxygensupplyhasbeenreduced,myocardialcelldegenerationandnecrosis,resultingincoronaryheartdisease;

4)Nutritionbraincellsofarteryhardeningofthearteries,weakeningofthevascularwallelasticitycanbeinducedbycerebrovascularbleeding,luminalnarrowing,andevencerebralthrombosisandcerebralembolism,resultinginstroke;

5)continued,alargenumberofinhaledcarbonmonoxidetomakethebodyhypoxia,canincreasetheabovediseases.

U.S.scientistsinrecentyears,accordingtoresearchfindings,fromahealthperspective,peopleonceagaintoputforwardareasontoquitsmoking,withaviewtoarousethepeopleoftheworldattention.

(1)Smokingnotonlyendangertheirownhealth,butalsopollutetheenvironment,endangerthesurroundingnon-smokers,especiallywomenandchildren.Manypeopleknowthatsmokingdamageshealth,buthedidnotknowtheseriousnessofthehealthhazardsofsmoking.Youquitsmoking!

(2)Smokingeasilyleadtoinsomnia,comparedwithnon-smokers,smokersfallasleepandsleepmoredifficult.NicotineincigarettescaninterferewithREMsleep,resultinginadeclineinthequalityofsleep.Smokersalsomorepronetosnoring,daytimefatigueeasytodozeoff.

(3)Smokerssusceptibletodiabetes,heartdisease,aman's42,000studyfoundthatwiththenon-smokerscomparedtosmokersoccurredinnon-insulin-dependentdiabetesmellitusthepossibilityofhigherthan1percent.

30~40-year-oldauthorofsmokerssufferedaheartattackthannon-smokersofthesameage5timeshigh.UnitedKingdomA46000casesofsmokersinthesurveyfoundforthefirsttime,youngsmokerstheriskofheartattackincreasedsignificantly,whilethevolumeofsmokecontainingmediumtarcigarettesthanthosewhosmokelow-tarcigarettevolumeoftheheartattackrateby10%.

(4)Quittingsmokingcanreducetheriskofstroke,Britishscientists7264middle-agedmenstudyconfirmedthatalargenumberofsmokers(morethan1packperday),5yearstoquitsmokingcanhalvetheriskofstroke.Andsmokinglessthan1packperday,and5yearstoquitsmokingcanreducetheriskofstrokeisnotthelevelofsmokers.

(5)Long-termsmokingcancausebreastcancerstudieshaveshownthatwomenwhosmoke30yearsthananyotherwomantohaveahighriskofbreastcancer60percent,whichoccurredinbreastcancer,theaverageageis59yearsold,ratherthanforthe67-year-oldsmokers.

(6)Smokingwomenwithmildthyroiddiseasemayincreasethesmokingwouldbeaclearincreaseindigenouswomensufferfrommildthyroiddiseasemayleadtothyroidfailure.Thestudyalsofoundthatwomensmokers,theaverageserumHDL(goodcholesterol)lowerthannon-smokers,theformerheartattackwassignificantlyhigherthanthelatter.

(7)Smokingwrinklescausedbya100040~49-year-oldpopulationstudyfoundthatfemalesmokersnoticeablewrinklesforfemalenon-smokers3timesisbecausesmokingwilldamagethoseessentialtomaintainskinelasticityvascularconnectivetissue.

(8)Highincidenceoflungcancercausedbysmokinghasbeenthatmendieoflungcancerandsmokingiscloselyrelatedtotherecentstudyfoundthatwomendiefromlungcancerduetosmokingalsoincreasedsignificantly.

Afteranumberofyearstoquitsmokingisasafepointofviewiswrong.Smokerstoquitsmokinghasoccurredinthedurationoftheriskoflungcancerthanpreviouslythoughtmuchlonger.Onestudyfoundthathalfofpatientswithlungcancerforpeoplewhohavequitsmoking.Thisisnottosaynoroletoquitsmoking,butwarnedthatonlythesoonerthemoresecuritytokickthehabit.

(9)Thebestreasontoquitsmokingistosetagoodexample.Asthe50-year-oldwhodiedofaheartattack80%causedbysmoking,soparentshavetoquitsmokingasrolemodelsforthenextgeneration.Familyandcommunitytodealwithyoungpeopletocarryoutpublicityandeducationonthehazardsofsmoking,researchhasprovedthatifthe19-year-oldformernon-infectedwiththisnastyhabit,thenafteraverysmallpossibilityofbecominghabitualsmokers.