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Palmistryorchiromancy(alsospelledcheiromancy,Greekcheir(χειρ),“hand”;manteia(μαντεία),“divination”),istheartofcharacterizationandforetellingthefuturethroughthestudyofthepalm,alsoknownaspalmreading,orchirology.Thepracticeisfoundallovertheworld,withnumerousculturalvariations.Thosewhopracticechiromancyaregenerallycalledpalmists,palmreaders,handreaders,handanalysts,orchirologists.

Thepracticeofchiromancyisgenerallyregardedasapseudoscience.Theinformationoutlinedbelowisbrieflyrepresentativeofmodernpalmistry;therearemany―oftenconflicting―interpretationsofvariouslinesandpalmarfeaturesacrossvariousschoolsofpalmistry.

Contents[hide]

1History

2Techniques

3SignificanceoftheLeftandRightHand

4Handshape

5Thelines

6Themounts

7Scienceandskeptics

8Seealso

9Notes

10References

11Externallinks

[edit]History

PalmistrycantraceitsrootsbacktoChineseYijing(IChing),Indiain(Hindu)Astrology(knowninSanskritasJyotish)andRoma(gypsy)fortunetellers.TheHindusageValmikiisthoughttohavewrittenabook,whosetitletranslatesinEnglishasTheTeachingsofValmikiMaharshionMalePalmistry,comprising567stanzas.FromIndia,theartofpalmistryspreadtoChina,Tibet,Egypt,PersiaandtoothercountriesinEurope[citationneeded].FromChina,palmistryprogressedtoGreece[citationneeded]whereAnaxagoraspracticedit.However,modernpalmistsoftencombinetraditionalpredictivetechniqueswithpsychology,holistichealing,andalternativemethodsofdivinationalso.

CaptainCasimirStanislasD'ArpentignypublishedLaChirognomiein1839

AdrienAdolpheDesbarollespublishedLesMysteresdelaMainin1859

KatherineSaint-HillfoundedtheChirologicalSocietyofGreatBritainin1889

EdgardeValcourt-Vermont(ComtedeStGermain)foundedtheAmericanChirologicalSocietyin1897

CountLouisHamon(Cheiro)publishedCheiro'sLanguageoftheHandin1894

WilliamBenhampublishedTheLawsofScientificHandReadingin1900

CharlotteWolffpublishedworksfrom1936-1969,contributedtoscientificchirology

NoelJaquinpublishedworksfrom1925-1958,contributedtoscientificchirology

ArnoldHoltzman(PsychodiagnosticChirology)

[edit]Techniques

Palmofman'srighthandChiromancyconsistsofthepracticeofevaluatingaperson'scharacterorfuturelifebyreadingthepalmofthatperson'shand.Variouslines(heartline,lifeline,etc.)andmounts(orbumps)(chirognomy),purportedlysuggestinterpretationsbytheirrelativesizes,qualities,andintersections.Insometraditions,readersalsoexaminecharacteristicsofthefingers,fingernails,fingerprintsandpalmarskinpatterns(dermatoglyphics),skintextureandcolor,shapeofthepalm,andflexibilityofthehand.

Areaderusuallybeginsbyreadingtheperson's'dominanthand'(thehandheorshewriteswithorusesthemost)(sometimesconsideredtorepresenttheconsciousmind,whereastheotherhandissubconscious).Insometraditionsofpalmistry,theotherhandisbelievedtocarryhereditaryorfamilytraits,or,dependingonthepalmist'scosmologicalbeliefs,toconveyinformationaboutpast-lifeorkarmicconditions.

ThebasicframeworkforClassicalpalmistry(themostwidelytaughtandpracticedtradition)isrootedinGreekmythology.Eachareaofthepalmandfingersisrelatedtoagodorgoddess,andthefeaturesofthatareaindicatethenatureofthecorrespondingaspectofthesubject.Forexample,theringfingerisassociatedwiththeGreekgodApollo;characteristicsoftheringfingeraretiedtothesubject'sdealingswithart,music,aesthetics,fame,wealth,andharmony.

[edit]SignificanceoftheLeftandRightHand

Thoughtherearedebatesonwhichhandisbettertoreadfrom,bothhavetheirownsignificance.Itiscustomtoassumethatthelefthandsshowspotentialinanindividual,andtherightshowedrealizedpersonality.Somesayingaboutthesignificancegoesasfollowed.Thefutureisshownintheright,thepastintheleft.Thelefthandistheonewearebornwith,andtherightiswhatwehavemadeofit.Therighthandisreadformen,whiletheleftisreadforwomen.“Theleftiswhatthegodsgiveyou,therightiswhatyoudowithit.

Withallthesesayinghowever,onlyinstinctandexperiencewilltellyouwhichisbettertoreadintheend.

LeftThelefthandiscontrolledbytherightbrain(patternrecognition,relationshipunderstanding),reflectstheinnerperson,thenaturalself,theanima,andthelateralthinking.Itcouldevenbeconsideredtobeapartofapersonspiritualandpersonaldevelopment.Itisthetheyinofpersonality(feminineandreceptive).

RightAsoppositesare,therighthandiscontrolledbytheleftbrain(logic,reason,andlanguage),reflectstheouterperson,objectiveself,influenceofsocialenvironment,education,andexperience.Itrepresentslinearthinking.Italsocorrespondstotheyangaspectofpersonality(maleandoutgoing).

[edit]Handshape

Dependingonthetypeofpalmistrypracticed,andthetypeofreadingbeingperformed,palmistsmaylookatvariousqualitiesofthehand,includingtheshapesandlinesofthepalmandfingers;thecolorandtextureoftheskinandfingernails;therelativesizesofthepalmandfingers;theprominenceoftheknuckles;andnumerousotherattributesofthehands.

Inmostschoolsofpalmistry,handshapesaredividedintofouror10majortypes,sometimescorrespondingtotheClassicalelementsortemperaments.Handshapeisbelievedtoindicatecharactertraitscorrespondingtothetypeindicated(i.e.,aFirehandwouldexhibithighenergy,creativity,shorttemper,ambition,etc.-allqualitiesbelievedtoberelatedtotheClassicalelementofFire).

Althoughvariationsabound,themostcommonclassificationsusedbymodernpalmists:

Earthhandsaregenerallyidentifiedbybroad,squarepalmsandfingers,thickorcoarseskin,ruddycolor,and.Thelengthofthepalmfromwristtothebottomofthefingersisusuallyequaltothelengthofthefingers.

Airhandsexhibitsquareorrectangularpalmswithlongfingersandsometimesprotrudingknuckles,low-setthumbs,andoftendryskin.Thelengthofthepalmfromwristtothebottomofthefingersisusuallylessthanthelengthofthefingers.

Waterhandsareseeablebytheshort,sometimesoval-shapedpalm,withlong,flexible,conicalfingers.Thelengthofthepalmfromwristtothebottomofthefingersisusuallylessthanthewidthacrossthewidestpartofthepalm,andusuallyequaltothelengthofthefingers.

Firehandsarecharacterizedbyasquareorrectangularpalm,flushedorpinkskin,andshorterfingers.Thelengthofthepalmfromwristtothebottomofthefingersisusuallygreaterthanthelengthofthefingers.

It’seasytodeterminethedominantelementandtemperamentinyourownhand(DominantPlanetsInHandAndHoroscope)Thenumberandqualityoflinescanalsobeincludedinthehandshapeanalysis;insometraditionsofpalmistry,EarthandWaterhandstendtohavefewer,deeperlines,whileAirandFirehandsaremorelikelytoshowmorelineswithlesscleardefinition.

[edit]Thelines

SomeofthelinesofthehandinPalmistry

1:Lifeline-2:Headline-3:Heartline-4:GirdleofVenus-5:Sunline-6:Mercuryline-7:FatelineThethreelinesfoundonalmostallhands,andgenerallygivenmostweightbypalmists:

Theheartlineisthefirstofthemajorlinesexaminedbyareader.Itisfoundtowardsthetopofthepalm,underthefingers.Insometraditions,thelineisreadasstartingfromtheedgeofthepalmunderthelittlefingerandflowingacrossthepalmtowardsthethumb;inothers,itisseenasstartingunderthefingersandflowingtowardtheoutsideedgeofthepalm.Palmistsinterpretthislinetorepresentmattersoftheheart,bothphysicalandmetaphorical,andbelieveitcanindicateemotionalstability,romanticperspectives,depression,andstoicism,inadditiontovariousaspectsofcardiachealth.

Thenextlineidentifiedbypalmistsistheheadline.Thislinestartsattheedgeofthepalmundertheindexfingerandflowsacrossthepalmtowardstheoutsideedge.Often,theheadlineisjoinedwiththelifeline(seebelow)atinception.Palmistsgenerallyinterpretthislinetorepresenttheperson'smindandthewayitworks,includinglearningstyle,communicationstyle,intellectualism,andthirstforknowledge.Itisalsobelievedtoindicateapreferenceforcreativeoranalyticalapproachestoinformation(i.e.,rightbrainorleftbrain).

Finally,readerslookatperhapsthemostcontroversiallineonthehand,thelifeline.Thislineextendsfromtheedgeofthepalmabovethethumbandtravelsinanarctowardsthewrist.Thislineisbelievedtorepresenttheperson'svitalityandvigor,physicalhealthandgeneralwellbeing.Thelifelineisalsobelievedtoreflectmajorlifechanges,includingcataclysmicevents,physicalinjuries,andrelocations.Contrarytopopularbelief,modernpalmistsgenerallydonotbelievethatthelengthofaperson'slifelineistiedtothelengthofaperson'slife.

Additionalmajorlinesorvariationsinclude:

Asimiancrease,orfusingoftheheartandheadlines,hasspecialsignificanceinthatbothemotionalaswellasreasoningnaturehavetobestudiedfromthislinealone.Thepeculiarlineisthoughttobeacombinationoftheheadandheartlinesonsuchhandsthatareseparatelymarkedontherestofthehands.

AccordingtoCheiro,thislineisthoughttoendowapersonwithanintensityofpurposeorsingle-mindedness,thenatureofwhichisdecideduponbyexactpositionofthislineonthehandandthedirectionofanybranchesshootingfromit,whichisnormallythecase.Inhandswheresuchalineexistswithoutanybranchesasasingularmark,itindicatesanextremelyintensenatureandspecialcareisneededforsuchpersons.Thenormalpositionforthelineisstartingbelowtheindexfingerandendingwherenormallytheheartlineterminatesattheedgeofthehandbelowthelittlefinger,indicatingaverageinterestsforthepersonandtheintensesideofthenatureisdecidedpurelybythedirectionofanybranchesshootingfromit.Theupperhalfofthepalmlyingimmediatelybelowthefingersisconsideredtorepresentthehigherorintellectualnatureandthelowerhalfofthepalmtorepresentthematerialisticsideofthenature.Ifoneofthesehalvesislargerthantheotherasdecidedbythecentralplacementoftheheadlineorinthiscasethesingletransversepalmarcreaseitshowsgreaterdevelopmentofthataspectofthenature.Basedonthisgeneralprinciple,ifthislineisplacedbelowitsnormalpositionitindicatesanintenselyintellectualnature;ifitisplacedaboveitsnormalpositionitindicatesanintenselymaterialisticnatureandinterests.Thedirectioninwhichanybranchesmaybefoundshootingfromthislinehaveasignificantimpactonthenatureofthislineresultinginsuitablemodificationsfromtheabovedefinedresultsdependingonthenatureofthemountsonthehand.Forinstance,ifabranchfromthislineshootstothemountofMoonlyingontheloweredgeofthehandexactlyoppositethethumb,itindicatesanintenselyvacillatingnatureandemotionaltemperament.

Thefatelinerunsfromthebottomofthepalmnearthewrist,upthroughthecenterofthepalmtowardsthemiddlefinger.Thislineisbelievedtobetiedtotheperson'slifepath,includingschoolandcareerchoices,successesandobstacles.Sometimesthislineisthoughttoreflectcircumstancesbeyondtheindividual'scontrol,oralternatelytheperson'schoicesandtheirconsequences.

Otherminorlines:

SunLine-paralleltotheFateLine,undertheringfinger;believedtoindicatefameorscandal

GirdleofVenus-startsbetweenthelittleandringfingers,runsinarougharcundertheringandmiddlefingerstoendbetweenthemiddleandpointerfingers;thoughttorelatetoemotionalintelligenceandtheabilitytomanipulate

UnionLines-shorthorizontallinesfoundonthepercussiveedgeofthepalmbetweentheHeartLineandthebottomofthelittlefinger;believedtoindicatecloserelationships,sometimes-butnotalways-romantic.

MercuryLine-runsfromthebottomofthepalmnearthewrist,upthroughthepalmtowardsthelittlefinger;purportedtobeanindicatorofpersistenthealthissues,businessacumen,orskillincommunication.

TravelLines-thesearehorizontallinesfoundonthepercussiveedgeofthepalmbetweenthewristandtheheartline;eachlineissaidtorepresentatriptakenbythesubject-thelongertheline,themoreimportantthetripistothesubject.

OtherMarkings-theseincludestars,crosses,triangles,squares,tridents,andringsundereachofthefingers;theirsupposedimpactandmeaningvariesbylocationonthepalmandfreedomfromotherinterferinglines.

ApolloLine-theApollolinemeanstohaveafortunatelife;ittravelsfromtheMountoftheMoonatthewristtobeneaththeApollofinger.

[edit]Themounts

ThemountsinPalmistry

Jupiter,Saturn,Apollo,Mercury,Marspositive,Marsnegative,plainofmars,Lunamount,Neptunemount,Venusmount.[1][2]Cheirognomyisthestudyofmountsinchiromancy,theartofcharacterizationandforetellingthefuturethroughthestudyofthepalmofthehand.Eachmountcorrelatestoaplanetaryinfluenceintheastrologicalsense.Thethumb,Rhea,isabovethemountofVenus.Theindexfinger,ruledbyJupiter,isabovethemountofJupiter.Themiddlefinger,ruledbySaturn,isabovethemountofSaturn.Theringfinger,ruledbyApollo/theSunGod,isabovethemountofApollo.Thelittlefinger,ruledbyMercury,isabovethemountofMercury.LowerMarsmountislocatedbeneaththemountofJupiter,theplainofMarsislocatedinthecenterofthepalm(beneaththemountofSaturn),andupperMarsmountislocatedbeneaththemountsofApolloandMercury.Earthmountislocatedonthefleshymountcreatedonthebacksideofthehandwhenthethumbandindexfingerarepushedagainsteachother.ThemountofLuna(orMoon)islocatedonthelowerpartofthepalmdirectlybelowthelowerplainofMars.

[edit]Scienceandskeptics

Aconsiderableamountofresearchintopalmcreaseandfingerprintwhorlvariationshasbeenundertakeninmainstreamscientificjournals,generallywithrespecttotheusefulnessofthesephenotypicmarkersindiagnosinggeneticmedicaldisorders.Suchresearchhasuncoveredstrongcorrelationsbetweenboththesinglepalmarcreaseandaberrantfingerprintsandchromosomaldisorderssuchascriduchatsyndrome(chromosome5),aberrationsonchromosome9[2],Noonansyndrome(chromosome12),Patausyndrome(chromosome13),Edward'ssyndrome(chromosome18),Downsyndrome(chromosome21),andAarskog-Scottsyndrome(X-linkedrecessive).

Aberrentdigitlength,whichcanincludehavingoneormoreunusuallyshortfingers(brachydactyly)orseverelyincurvedfingers(clinodactyly).hasalsobeenscientificallycorrelatedwithnumerousgeneticchromosomaldisordersandcongenitalsyndromes.

JohnT.Manninghaslinkeddigitratiostootherconditions,suchasprenatalandrogenexposure,sexualdimorphism,homosexuality,depression,reproductivesuccess,andmusicalaptitude[3].

Therehasbeenlittlewidelyacceptedresearchverifyingpalmistry'saccuracyasasystemofcharacteranalysis,andsofarnoconclusiveevidencehasbeenprovidedtosupportaconnectionbetweenthelinesofthepalmandaperson'scharacterbeyondwhatcouldbededucedfromanalyzingthatthepersonsufferedfromachomosomaldisorderorbelongedtoacertainstatisticalgroupbasedontheirdigitratio.Noconclusivedatahaveyetbeenfoundtosupporttheclaimsmadebyhandreaderswithrespecttolifeexpectancyorpersonalitytype.

Skepticsoftenincludepalmistsonlistsofallegedpsychicswhopracticeatechniquecalledcoldreading.Coldreadingiscitedasthepracticethatallowsreadersofallkinds,includingpalmists,toappearpsychic.[4]Althoughfortunetellingismuchlesscommontodayinmainstreampalmistrythanitwasinthepast,scepticsalmostalwaysassociatepalmistrywithfortunetellingratherthanreadingcharacter