在英语中什么样的句子叫宾语从句,定语从句,表语从句

定语从句

一、限定性定语从句

1.that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略.而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置

1)Thefirstdollsay“mama”wasinventedin1830．

〔A〕thatitcould

〔B〕couldit

〔C〕itcould

〔D〕thatcould

2)AsolardayisthelengthoftimetheEarthtorevolveoncearoundtheSun．

〔A〕takes

〔B〕takesit

〔C〕whichtakes

〔D〕hetakes

3)Theperiodduringwhen〔A〕peoplelearned〔B〕tomeltironiscalled〔C〕the〔D〕IronAge．

2.which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢

4)Thesecondhalfofhisvoyagewasbyfarthemoredangerouspart,hesailedroundthetreacherousCapeHorn.

〔A〕where

〔B〕ofwhich

〔C〕duringwhich

〔D〕that

5)TotravelfromEnglandtoHopeCornhadtakenhimninemonths,thesailingtimewas226days.Hehaddonewhathewantedtoacplish.

〔A〕when

〔B〕which

〔C〕ofwhich

〔D〕that

3.代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all,anything,much等,这时的that常被省略(见本节“四、关系代词的省略”)

4.who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语

6)HenryFordistheperson〔A〕which〔B〕ismostresponsible〔C〕fordeveloping〔D〕theideaofmassproduction.

7)Humanbeingsaresocial〔A〕animalswhom〔B〕usuallyprefernottolivein〔C〕physicalorpsychologicalisolation〔D〕．

5.where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句

8)TheEvergladesisabeautifulregionofsouthernFloridatheprimitivepastmingleswithmodernlife．

〔A〕there

〔B〕where

〔C〕after

〔D〕in

9)Thekneeisthejointthethighbonemeetsthelargeboneofthelowerleg．

〔A〕when

〔B〕where

〔C〕why

〔D〕which

10)Ametropolitanregion〔A〕isdefinedasacentral〔B〕cityandtheterritorywhere〔C〕surrounds〔D〕it．

6.when引导定语从句表示时间

11)Thenextmorninghecamedowntobreakfast,hewasbeamingwiththepleasureofanew,greatdiscovery.

〔A〕as

〔B〕when

〔C〕because

〔D〕that

12)Inadayfewnoblepersonseverspoketothoseofhumbleoriginsexcepttogiveanorder,Jeffersonwentoutofhiswaytotalkwithgardeners,servants,andwaiters.

〔A〕whose

〔B〕during

〔C〕when

〔D〕of

13)Moreover,inthemodernagehumanbeingsdependsomuchonmachines,hehadgivenmenthroughouttheworldnewpride.

〔A〕when

〔B〕whether

〔C〕more

〔D〕ever

〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time”一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导

BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,wewillhavestayedtherefortwoweeks.／IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.／Eachtimehegoestobesinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowers,soap,toothbrushetc.

7.whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格

14)TherewasateapotfashionedlikeaChinaduckoutofopenmouththeteawassupposedtoe.

〔A〕which

〔B〕its

〔C〕that

〔D〕whose

15)JackirMcleans’srecordingshaveshownthatheisoneofthefew〔A〕jazzmusicianswho〔B〕styleofplaying〔C〕haskeptpacewiththeevolution〔D〕ofmodernjazz．

8.当从句的逻辑主语是some,any,no,somebody,anybody,nobody,something,anything,everything或nothing时,常用thereis来引导

16)Idon'twanttoconcentrateonanythingworryingme.

〔A〕whatis

〔B〕thereis

〔C〕what

〔D〕there

二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

1.which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分

2.在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于inwhich,atwhich,forwhich或atwhich

Attitudestowardsdaydreamingarechanginginmuchthesamewaythat(inwhich)attitudestowardsnightdreaminghavechanged.人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处.

Ilikethemusicfortheveryreasonthat(forwhich)hedislikeit.我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反.

Wearrivedthedaythat(onwhich)theyleft.刚好我们到的那天他们走了.

3.有时as也可用作关系代词

4.在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who,whom代表人,用which代表事物

17)Ligaments(韧带),,holdorgansofthebodyinplaceandfastenbonestogether．

〔A〕whicharefibroustissues

〔B〕theyarefibroustissues

〔C〕fibroustissuesthat

〔D〕arefibroustissues

18)TheLittleWhiteHouseinWarmSpringswastheGeorgiahomeofPresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt,thereonApril12,1945．

〔A〕whodied

〔B〕died

〔C〕whiledied

〔D〕hedied

19)ThefirstUnitedStatescitizentobee〔A〕aprofessional〔B〕sculptorwasPatienceLovellWright,which〔C〕workswereexecutedinwax〔D〕．

三、定语从句结构错误

1.缺关系词

20)Theadderisasnakehas〔A〕arelatively〔B〕stoutbody,ashorttail〔C〕,andaflathead〔D〕．

2.从句中缺成分

21)Traditionally,ethnographersandlinguistshavepaid〔A〕littleattentiontoculturalinterpretationsgivento〔B〕silence,orto〔C〕thetypesofsocialcontextsinwhichtends〔D〕tooccur．

四、连接代词的省略

22)Mostcrocodileswilleatanythingcaptureandoverpower．

〔A〕can

〔B〕theycan

〔C〕whichcan

〔D〕and

五、例题解析

1)D为正确答案.本句中的主句为“Thefirstdollwasinventedin1830”,“thatcouldsay‘mama’”为定语从句,修饰主句中的名词(主语)“thefirstdoll”.

2)C为正确答案.

3)A错.during是介词,它后面的关系代词只能用which(指人除外),which在此处指代“theperiod”,定语从句为“duringwhichpeople…iron”,修饰主句的主语“theperiod”.

4)C为正确答案.

5)C为正确答案.

6)B错.改用who,which只能指物,指人时应用who,本句的定语从句修饰theperson,关系代词who在从句中作主语.本句也可改用that,因为that也可用来指人,它可在从句中作主语或宾语,但which则只能指“物”.

7)B错.应改用who,因为这里所指代的是“humanbeings”,而且在从句中作主语,而whom只能用来作宾语.

8)B为正确答案.空白后是一个定语从句,从句中主谓宾齐全,关系副词where指代上面表示地点的名词region(地方,地区),相当于inwhich,即intheregion,在从句中作地点状语.

9)B对.空白后为定语从句,从句中的主谓宾语都已齐全,where作从句中的地点状语,相当于inthejoint,整个从句修饰“thejoint”.

10)C错.改为which或that.这里是一个定语从句,修饰前面的theterritory(区域),虽然被修饰成分表示一个地点,但若用where代替intheterritory在从句中作地点状语,从句中便没有了主语,这显然不对.改用which后,便可由它作从句中的主语,代theterritory；从句中的it代上文中的acentralcity.

11)B为正确答案.

12)C为正确答案.

13)A为正确答案.

14)D为正确答案.这里whose修饰名词短语“openmouth,”这时“whoseopenmouth”一起作介词“of”的宾语.

15)B错.who应当在定语从句中作主语,而从句中已有主语styleofplaying(演奏风格),故应将who改为whose,用whose修饰style,指代上文中的人名,相当于his.

16)B为正确答案.

17)A对.空白处是which引导的定语从句修饰主句的主语ligaments,which作从句的主语,主句的主语(ligaments)和谓语(hold)被定语从句所隔开.

18)A对.本句是关系代词who引导的非限定性定语从句,who指代前面的被修饰成分PresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt并在从句中作主语.

19)C错.应改用whose,修饰从句中的主语works,whose相当于his.

20)A错.本句已有谓语动词is,而后面又出现动词has,显然不合语法,故应在snake和has之间加上关系代词which或that构成定语从句修饰snake,which作从句的主语.

21)D错.本句“inwhich”中的which指代“socialcontexts”,which在从句中已经是介词in的宾语,这样从句中便没有了主语,故应在which后加代词it(代silence),即变为“inwhichittends…”,用it作从句的主语,这样句子才完整.

22)B对.关系代词作限定性定语从句中的宾语时可以省略,本句被修饰词anything后就省去了“that”；C是不对的,首先C中的which作从句的主语,而从句中的动词(作谓语)captureandoverpower都为及物动词,可后面没有宾语,这样句子便不完整；其次如果被修饰成分为不定代词(anything,all等),或修饰成分前有形容词最高级以及限定性较强的形容词修饰时(thevery,theonly,thesame,thefirst,thelast,thetallest),应使用关系代词that,而不用which.

宾语从句

1.由连词that、疑问代词或副词(如how,why和where等)引出的宾语从句

2介词后的宾语,其宾语可以是名词或代词,也可以是个句子,即宾语从句,也可以由“what”来引导

表语从句(predicativeclause)

如ThisiswhatIwanttosay(这是我要说的)中的whatIwanttosay.