关于英语从句的归纳总结

分类:外语/出国

问题描述:

关于英语从句的归纳总结

解析:

定语从句

一、什么是定语从句？

在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。在定语从句中，被修饰的这一名词或代词叫做先行词。在定语从句中的引导词叫做关系词。关系词又分关系代词和关系副词。

二、关系词有哪些？

1、关系代词：which（指sth），that（指***或sth），who（指***作主语或宾语），whom（指***作宾语），whose（指***或sth，作定语）

2、关系副词：when（指时间），where（指地点），why（指原因）

三、关系代词和关系副词有何区别？

主要是它们在从句中所起的作用不同。关系代词在从句中一般作主语或宾语。而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。分清楚这一关系并在做题时想着这个原则，就不会出原则性的错误了。

四、定语从句解题步骤

1、找对先行词。

2、确定先行词在定语从句中的位置，也就是在定语从句中担任何成份。这一点可以帮助我们划分使用关系代词还是关系副词。

eg：Thisistheplacethat/whichIvisitedyearsago.

ThisistheplacewhereIlivedyearsago.

分析：这两句的先行词都是theplace，由于第一句中的先行词在定语从句中作visit的宾语，所以选择关系代词，如果作宾语时关系代词可省略。而第二句的先行词则在定语从句中作状语，因为live是不及物动词，因此选择关系副词where。

3、区别各关系代词的使用。

五、关系代词中的which和that如何区分？

在先行词为物情况下，一般情况两者可通用，但也有不可互换的情况。

以下几种情况只用that:

1.先行词all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词。

2.先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰。

3.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

4.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。

ThatwhitefloweristheonlyonethatIreallylike.

ThisistheverybookthatIwanttohave.

Thelastplacethatwevisitedwasthechemicalworks.

5.有两个或两个以上的分别表示人和物的先行词，从句应用that,而不是其他。

Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.

6.当主句是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句多用that，而不用who(whom)，which.

Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?

以上通常是使用于物，人一般不受限制，但如果正式和严谨可以遵循这一原则。

六、各关系副词

when：IdidrememberthedaywhenIetoNo.4HighSchool.

where：ThisisthehousewhereIlivedyearsago.

why：Couldyoupleasetellmethereasonswhyyoucamelatetoschoolthismorning.

七、几点说明

1、在先行词为人的情况下，遇到who和that都有的情况，如何处理？

答：如果句中已有who的情况下为避免重复，用that。

eg：Whoisthegirlthatisspeakingtomyteacher?

2、在先行词为人且在定语从句中作宾语，用who还是whom？

答：一般情况两者可通用，但遇到介词提前时只能用whom。

eg：HeismyEnglishteacherfromwhomIlearnedalot.

定语从句练习

一、填空

选择正确的关系代词填入题目中的空白处。

1.Thisistherade__________willgotothesouthwithustomorrow.

2.Who”sthestudent__________theteacheristalkingwith?

3.Ilikethepresent__________you”vesenttome.

4.Thenurse__________wetalkedaboutcanspeakEnglishwell.

5.Thisisthemostdifficultjob__________we”veeverdone.

6.Thisisthecleverestman__________I”veeverknown.

7.Iboughtall__________wasnecessary.

8.Theoldgentleman__________youmetjustnowisafamouswriter.

9.Thegirlto__________Ilentmybikeworksinahospital.

10.All__________earewele.

11.Thisisthegirl__________songsyouheardlastnight.

12.Shewasthebravegirl__________nameisknowntoeverybodyhere.

13.Thankyouforthehelp__________you”vedoneforme.

14.Thisradioset__________wehavehadforoyearsisagoodone.

15.Thenextquestion__________IfounddifficulttoanswerwasputtomebyMary.

二、将下列句子合并成带有定语从句的复合句。

16.Heistheyoungwriter．Hewrotethebook．

17．Doyouknowthedoctor?

Heeshereonceamonthandexaminestheworkers．

18．TheforeignguestisMr．Green．

Yousawhimattheschoolgate．

19．Heisthenewhead．

Iwastalkingabouthimthismorning．

20．I”vereceivedthebook．

Fathersentittome。

21．Thefactoryhasgotonesuccessafteranother．

Wevisitedthefactorylastweek．

22．What”sthenameofthegirl?

HergrandpatookpartintheLongMarch．

23．Themanlooksliketheactor．

I”veheardhissongsonTV．

24．Thisletterisfrommyelderbrother．

Heservesinthearmy．

25．Doyouseethebridge?

Itwasbuiltlastyear．

26．Theoldmanisaprofessor．

Heteacheschemistryinacollege．

27．Wevisitedthesingeryesterday．

Herperformanceswealllikeverymuch．

28．Theoldworkerisstillworkinghardwithus．

Hishairhasturnedgray．

29．Thebikewasnotgood．

Youwantedtobuyit．

30．Themedicinedidn”thelpme．

Dr．Changhadgivenit．

31．Theexerciseiswrong．

Wediditlastnight．

32．Thewomanisherenow．

Youweretalkingabouther．

33．Thebuswasthewrongone．

XiaoLiwasrunningafterit．

34．Thewallethasbeenfound．

Mr．Hopkinswaslookingforit．

35．Therecorderhasbeenstolen．

Wangspentallthemoneyonit．

答案

1.who/that2.that3.that/which4.whom/that5.that

6.that7.that8.whom/that9.whom10.that

11.whose12.whose13.which/that14.which/that15.that

16.Heistheyoungwriterwhowrotethebook.

17.Doyouknowthedoctorwhoeshereonceamonthandexaminestheworkers?

18.TheforeignguestwhomyouseeattheschoolgateisMr.Green.

19.HeisthenewheadwhomIwastalkingaboutthismorning.

20.I”vereceivedthebookwhichfathersenttome.

21.Thefactorywhichwevisitedlastweekhasgotonesuccessafteranother.

22.WhatisthenameofthegirlwhosegrandpatookpartintheLongMarch?

23.ThemanlooksliketheactorwhosesongsI”veheardonTV.

24.Thisletterisfrommyelderbrotherwhoservesinthearmy.

25.Doyouseethebridgewhichwasbuiltlastyear?

26.Theoldmanwhoteacheschemistryinacollegeisaprofessor.

27.Wevisitedthesingeryesterdaywhoseperformanceswealllikeverymuch.

28.Theoldworkerwhosehairhasturnedgreyisstillworkinghardwithus.

29.Thebikewhichyouwantedtobuywasnotgood.

30.ThemedicinewhichDr.Changhadgivendidn”thelpme.

31.Theexercisewhichwedidlastnightiswrong.

32.Thewomanwhomyouweretalkingaboutisherenow.

33.ThebuswhichXiaoLiwasrunningafteristhewrongone.

34.ThewalletwhichMr.Hopkinswaslookingafterhasbeenfound.

35.Therecorderonwhichwespentallourmoneyhasbeenstolen.