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中考英语知识点速记之“状语从句”

发表时间:2024-07-21 22:57:21 来源:网友投稿

时间状语从句

(1)时间状语从句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等连词来引导。例如:

  Itwasraininghardwhengottoschoolyesterday.

  Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang.

  Ashewalkedalongthelake,hesanghappily.

  HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.

  Afterhefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory.

  (2)在时间状语从句里,通常不用将来时态,用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如:

  I’llringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.

  Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback.

  Hewon’tbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.

  (3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是“一直到……时”,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式,其含义是“直到……才……”,“在……以前不……”,谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如:

  Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.

  Let’swaituntiltherainstops.

  Wewon’tstartuntilBobcomes.

  Don’tgetoffuntilthebusstops.

条件状语从句

(1)条件状语从句通常由if,unless引导。例如:

  Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?

  Don’tleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.

  (2)在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如:

  I’llhelpyouwithyourEnglishifamfreetomorrow.

  Hewon’tbelateunlessheisill.

  (3)“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如:

  Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.

  =Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelate.

  Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.

  =Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.

原因状语从句

(1)原因状语从句通常由because,since,as引导。例如:

  Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.

  Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.

  Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion,I’llasksomeoneelse.

  (2)because表示直接原因,语气。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题,只能用because。As和since语气较弱,一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如:

  ------Whyaren’tgoingthere?

  ------BecauseIdon’twantto.

  Ashehasnocar,hecan’tgetthereeasily.

  Sincewehavenomoney,wecan’tbuyit.

  (3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。

结果状语从句

(1)结果状语从句由so…that,such…that,sothat引导。例如:

  Heissopoorthathecan’tbuyabikeforhisson.

  Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.

  Mypencilfellunderthedesk,sothatIcouldn’tseeit.

  (2)so…that语such...that可以互换。例如:

  在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中,so是副词,与形容词连用。其结构是:“...so+形容词(副词)+that+从句”。例如:

  Hewassogladthathecouldn’tsayaword.

  Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.

  Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.

  在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中,such是形容词,它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词,也可以是不可数名词;名词前面可以带形容词,也可不带。如果是单数可数名词,前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如:

  Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.

  Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.

  Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.

  有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如:

  Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.

  =Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.

  Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.

  =Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.

  (3)如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时,只能用so,不用such。例如:

  Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.

  Hehassolittletimethathecan’tgotothecinemawithyou.

比较状语从句

比较状语从句通常由as…as,比较级+than…等连词引导。例如:

  TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.

  Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.

目的状语从句

(1)目的状语从句通常由sothat,inorderthat引导。例如:

  Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.

  Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.

  Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.

  (2)sothat既可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个:1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等。2)从意思上看,目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如:

  Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.(目的状语从句)

  Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.(结果状语从句)

让步状语从句

(1)让步状语从句通常由although,though等连词引导。例如:

  Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.

  AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.

  (2)although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。例如:

  我们不能说:Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.

  应该说:Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout.或Itwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.

地点状语从句

地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如:

  Gowhereyoulike.

  Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

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