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WhichHolidaystoCelebrate,theChineseorWestern?

ThetraditionalChineseholidaysareanessentialpartofChineseculture.ManyholidaysareassociatedwithChinesemythologyandfolkloretales.AmongthepopularChinesefestivalsareSpringFestival,LanternFestival,DragonBoatFestival,Mid-AutumnFestival,Tomb-SweepingFestivalandtheDoubleNinthFestival.Westernholidaysarebecomingincreasinglypopular,whileChinesetraditionalholidaysarebeingsomewhatneglected.Inmyopinion,weoughttocelebrateChineseholidaysinsteadofWesternholidays.Chinesetraditionshouldbepreservedandpromotedholidaysatthesametimeteachingtoletyoungergenerationunderstandthemeaningandsignificancebehindeachtradition.However,thisdoesnotdiscountthefactthatweoughttobetolerantandopentolearnandunderstandtheWesternholidays,likeChristmasandThanksgiving.Theseholidayshavetheirownmeritsandsignificance.

TheChangingFamilyLifeinChina

SincethedaysofConfucius,however,agreatdealhaschanged,especiallysofollowingsincethecreationofthePeople'sRepublic.In1950,thenewcommunistrulersintroducedanewmarriagelaw;itoutlawsage-oldpracticeslikeadultery,bigamy,thebarteringofbridesanddowry.

FamilylifeinChinahasundergoneequallyradicalchangesinthepost-Maoistera.Thefirstsingleparent'sclubinChinawasrecentlysetupinBeijing,reproductiveserviceshavebeenmadelegalforsinglewomen,telephoneadvicelinesforgayshavebeensetupinShanghai,andtheDivorceClubofShanghaiwaslaunchedonValentine'sDaythisyear.ChinesefamilylifeisincreasinglyreflectingtrendsintheWest.

One-ChildPolicy-AuniqueaspectoffamilylifeinChinaisthecountry'sone-childpolicy,whichhasbeenenforcedbytheauthoritiessinceabout1978andwhichrestrictsfamiliesinthecitiestoonechildonly.Nevertheless,theone-childpolicyhashadaprofoundeffectontherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildren,thestatusofwomen,maritalprospects,education,urbanplanningandeventhedesignofcars.Theone-childpolicyhassucceededinbringingdownthebirthratefrom26percentto8percentayear.However,ithasresultedinaserioussex-ratioimbalanceinChinatoday-120boysforevery100girlsborn.

Infidelity-Whilefamiliesarespreadingouttowhereverworkcanbefound,maritalinfidelityandespeciallycohabitationhavebecomesopredominantthatthenewmarriagelawof2001explicitlycondemnsbigamyandpolygamy.

Postponement-Youngeducatedurbanprofessionalsarepostponingmarriageuntiltheycanaffordtobuyanapartmentandprovidewellforachild.Theaveragemarryingageisnow28formen,27forwomen.Chinesecitizensarerequiredbylawtocarefortheirelderlyparents,andbeinganonlychildaddstothepressure.Nuclearnorm-Thenuclearfamilyisquicklybecomingthenorm,especiallyinthecities,where60percentoffamiliesconsistonlyofparentsandchildren.Thefirstgenerationsofoffspringbornundertheone-childpolicystillhaveauntsandunclesandcousins,butmanyoftheirchildrenwillnot.

Change,notdecline-Allinall,familylifeinChinaischangingbutisnotbyanymeansindecline.Thereismoreemphasisonpersonalchoiceandfreedom,moreequalityofthesexes,andthereisanevenstrongerbondbetweenparentsandchildrenthanunderthecollectivesecurityoftheMaoistera.Parentsarepreparedtomakehugesacrificesfortheirchildren,partlybecausealwaysinthebackoftheirmindisoldagesecurity,saysMelodyLu.

Itisthedaughter-in-lawthatisusuallytheprimaryproviderofcarefortheelderlyhasalsochangedthestatusandvalueofwomenwithinthefamily.Andeventhoughthetrendistowardsasmallerfamilyunit,theproverbialChinesefamilybusinessisoneinstitutionthatcontinuestothrive.Chinesefamilybusinessesaccountforone-thirdofthenamesontheFortune-500listoftheworld'sbiggestcompanies.