初二英语作文：关于中国传统服装

旗袍

旗袍是从满族古老的服装演变而来的。旗袍满语称衣介。古时泛指满洲、蒙古、汉军八旗男女穿的衣袍。

清初（公元1644年-公元1911年）衣袍式样有几大特点：无领、箭袖、左衽、四开衩、束腰。箭袖是窄袖口，上加一块半圆形袖头，形似马蹄，又称马蹄袖。马蹄袖平日绾起，出猎作战时则放下，覆盖手背，冬季可御寒。四开衩即袍下摆前后左右，开衩至膝．左衽和束腰，紧身保暖，腰带一束，行猎时，可将干粮，用具装进前襟。男子的长袍多是蓝，灰、青色，女子的旗装多为白色．满族旗袍还有一个特点，就是在旗袍外套上坎肩。坎肩有对襟、捻襟、琵琶襟、一字襟等。穿上坎肩骑马驰聘显得十分精干利索。

清世祖入关迁都北京，旗袍开始在中原流行。清统一中国也统一全国服饰，男人穿长袍马褂，女人穿旗袍。以后随着满汉生活的融合，统一，旗袍不仅被汉族妇女吸收，并不断进行革新。特别随着辛亥革命的风云，旗袍迅速在全国普及。

自30年代起，旗袍几乎成了中国妇女的标准服装，民间妇女、学生、工人、达官显贵的太太，无不穿着。旗袍甚至成了交际场合和外交活动的礼服。后来旗袍还传至国外，为他国女子效仿穿着。至20世纪30年代，满族男女都穿直统式的宽襟大袖长袍。女性旗袍下摆至（骨干）(小腿)，有绣花卉纹饰。男性旗袍下摆及踝，无纹饰。

40年代后，受国内外新式服饰新潮的冲击，满族男性旗袍已废弃，女性旗袍由宽袖变窄袖，直筒变紧身贴腰，臀部略大，下摆回收，长及踝，逐渐形成今日各色各样讲究色彩装饰和人体线条美的旗袍样式。

汉族妇女为啥喜爱穿旗袍？主要旗袍的造型与妇女的体态相适合，线条简便，优美大方，所以有人认为旗袍是中国女人独有的福音，可起到彩云托月的作用。而且旗袍是老少宜穿，四季相宜，雅俗共赏。根据季节的变化和穿着者的不同需要、爱好，可长可短，可做单旗袍、夹旗袍；也可做衬绒短袍、丝棉旗袍。并且随着选料不同，可展现出不同风格。选用小花、素格、细条丝绸制作，可显示出温和、稳重的风韵；选用织锦类衣料制作，可当迎宾、赴宴的华贵眼饰。

当中国旗袍在日本、法国等地展销时，很受当地妇女人士欢迎，她们不借重金，争购旗袍，特别是黑丝绒夹金花、篓金花的高档旗袍，最为抢手。旗袍正以浓郁的民族风格，体现了中华民族传统的服饰美。它不仅成为中国女装的代表，同时也公认为东方传统女装的象征。

ChineseCheongsam

Thecheongsam,orQipaoinChinese,isevolvedfromakindofancientclothingofManchuethnicminority.Inancienttimes,itgenerallyreferredtolonggownswornbythepeopleofManchuria,MongoliaandtheEight-Banner.

IntheearlyyearsoftheQingDynasty(1644-1911),longgownsfeaturedcollarless,narrowcuffintheshapeofahorse'shoof,buttonsdowntheleftfront,fourslitsandafittingwaist.Wearersusuallycoileduptheircuff,andputitdownwhenhuntingorbattlingtocoverthebackofhand.Inwinter,thecuffcouldservetopreventcold.Thegownhadfourslits,withoneontheleft,right,frontandback,whichreachedtheknees.Itwasfittedtothebodyandratherwarm.Fastenedwithawaistband,thelonggowncouldholdsolidfoodandutensilswhenpeoplewentouthunting.Men'slonggownsweremostlyblue,grayorgreen;andwomen's,white.

AnotherfeatureofManchucheongsamwasthatpeoplegenerallyworeitplusawaistcoatthatwaseitherwithbuttonsdownthefront,atwistedfront,orafrontintheshapeoflute,etc.

WhentheearlyManchurulerscametoChinaproper,theymovedtheircapitaltoBeijingandcheongsambegantospreadintheCentralPlains.TheQingDynastyunifiedChina,andunifiedthenationwidecostumeaswell.Atthattime,menworealonggownandamandarinjacketoverthegown,whilewomenworecheongsam.Althoughthe1911RevolutiontoppledtheruleoftheQing(Manchu)Dynasty,thefemaledresssurvivedthepoliticalchangeand,withsucceedingimprovements,hasbecomethetraditionaldressforChinesewomen.

Tillthe1930s,Manchupeople,nomattermaleorfemale,allworeloose-fittingandstraight-bottomedbroad-sleevedlonggownswithawidefront.Thelowerhemofwomen'scheongsamreachedthecalveswithembroideredflowerpatternsonit,whilethatofmen'scheongsamreachedtheanklesandhadnodecorativepatterns.

Fromthe1930s,cheongsamalmostbecametheuniformforwomen.Folkwomen,students,workersandhighest-tonewomenalldressedthemselvesincheongsam,whichevenbecameaformalsuitforoccasionsofsocialintercoursesordiplomaticactivities.Later,cheongsamevenspreadtoforeigncountriesandbecamethefavoriteofforeignfemales.

Afterthe1940s,influencedbynewfashionhomeandabroad,Manchumen'scheongsamwasphasedout,whilewomen'scheongsambecamenarrow-sleevedandfittedtothewaistandhadarelativelyloosehippart,anditslowerhemreachedtheankles.Thenthereemergevariousformsofcheongsamsweseetodaythatemphasizecolordecorationandsetoffthebeautyofthefemaleshape.

WhydoHanpeopleliketowearthecheongsam?ThemainreasonisthatitfitswellthefemaleChinesefigure,hassimplelinesandlookselegant.What'smore,itissuitableforwearinginallseasonsbyoldandyoung.

Thecheongsamcaneitherbelongorshort,unlinedorinterlined,woolenormadeofsilkfloss.Besides,withdifferentmaterials,thecheongsampresentsdifferentstyles.Cheongsamsmadeofsilkwithpatternsofflowerlet,plainlatticesorthinlinesdemonstratecharmoffemininityandstaidness;thosemadeofbrocadeareeye-catchingandmagnificentandsuitableforoccasionsofgreetingguestsandattendingbanquets.

WhenChinesecheongsamswereexhibitedforsalesincountrieslikeJapanandFrance,theyreceivedwarmwelcomefromlocalwomen,whodidnothesitatetobuyChinesecheongsamsespeciallythosetop-notchonesmadeofblackvelourinterlinedwithorcarvedwithgoldenflowers.CheongsamfeaturesstrongnationalflavorandembodiesbeautyofChinesetraditionalcostume.ItnotonlyrepresentsChinesefemalecostumebutalsobecomesasymboloftheorientaltraditionalcostume.