高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧
导语:高考复习的重点一是要掌握所有的知识点,二就是要大量的做题,以下是我为大家精心整理的高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧,欢迎大家参考!
阅读理解之主旨大意题
我们阅读一篇文章,首先是要了解其大意,明确其主旨。所以主旨大意题是常考题。主旨大意题包括:主要内容(mainidea,mainlyabout)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。广东高考近几年来考查过的题目中mainlyabout只考过4题,title题考了5题,purpose题考了5题。
解题技巧
1.弄清文章的大意,关键是找到主题句。
主题句的位置:主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应,有时也在文中,或没有主题句,需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句,但记叙文通常没有主题句,需要归纳。
2.找主题句的方法:用浏览法(skimming),即
快速阅读文首、文尾,或每段的首句和尾句等,搜索主题线索和主题信息。找主题句的四个小窍门:
(1)段落中出现表转折的词语(如however,but,infact,actually等)时,该句很可能是主题句。
(2)首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
(3)作者有意识地反复重复的观点,通常是主旨;反复出现的词语,一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
(4)表示总结或结论的话常有therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等。
3.关于干扰项和正确答案。
(1)干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节;可能属文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论;可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。
(2)正确答案:是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的;但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。
4.在阅读理解中,主旨大意题常有以下几种命题方式:(1)Mainidea型:选择项多为陈述句,要求考生选择表达作者思想或观点的.句子。题干多为如下形式:
①What'sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?
②Thepassageismainlyabout________.
③Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout________.
④Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?
⑤Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainidea/themeofthepassage?
⑥Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily______.
⑦Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis________.
⑧Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout________.
(2)Mainpurpose型:选择项多为动宾结构,要求考生找到主要的写作目的,常见以下几种题干形式:
①What'sthepurposeofthepassage?
②Thepassageismeantto________.
③Thepurposeofthearticleisto________.
④Inthispassagethewritertriestotellusthat________.
⑤Thepassagetellsusthat________.
⑥Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto...
(3)标题型:选择文章标题是另一类对主旨大意题考查的形式,命题形式:
①Thebesttitleofthepassageis________.
②Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?
③Thebesttitleforthepassageis________.
④Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis________.
Intheanimalkingdom,weaknesscanbringaboutaggressioninotheranimal.Thissometimeshappenswithhumansalso.ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople.Iseeiteverydaywhenpeopleholddoorsforme,pourcreamintomycoffee,orhelpmetoputonmycoat.AndIhavediscoveredthatitmakesthemhappy.
典型例析
Frommywheelchairexperience,Iseethebestinpeople...Often,wetryeverywaypossibletoavoidshowingourweakness...Butonlywhenwestop
pretendingwe'rebraveorstrongdoweallowpeopletoshowthekindnessthat'sinthem.
30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.AWheelchairExperience.
B.WeaknessandKindness.
C.WeaknessandStrength.
D.ADrivingExperience
解析:主旨大意题。在第一段中出现了表转折的But...可知,“ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople”便是主题句,再根据第二段最后一句可以确定,这句的确是主题句。又因标题要简明、醒目,故选B。
答案:B
Inaworldwithlimitedland,waterandothernaturalresources(资源),theharmfromthetraditionalbusinessmodelisontherise.Actually,thepastdecadehasseenmoreandmoreforestsdisappearingandglobebecomingincreasinglywarm.Peoplenowrealizethatthisunhealthysituationmustbechanged,andthatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainable(可持续的)ways.Thatmeansgrowthwithlowcarbonordevelopmentofsustainable
products.Inotherwords,weshouldkeeptheearthhealthywhileusingitssupplyofnaturalresources.
Today,sustainabledevelopmentisapropertrendinmanycountries....Inrecentyearsthemarketsforsustainableproductshavegrownbymorethan50%.
45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
A.Tointroduceanewbusinessmodel.
B.Tocomparetwobusinessmodels.
C.Topredictachangeoftheglobalmarket.
D.Toadvocatesustainabledevelopment.
解析:主旨大意题。在第一段中出现了转折的Actually,其后的“Peoplenowrealizethatthisunhealthysituationmustbechanged,andthatwemustbeabletodevelopinsustainable(可持续的)ways”是主题句,随后的两句话都是对这一句进
行解释;句中两个must清楚表明了作者“提倡可持续发展”,第二段首句“Today,sustainabledevelopmentisapropertrendinmanycountries”进一步说明,作者写这篇文章的主要目的是“提倡可持续发展”。故选D。
答案:D
Althoughtheuseoftheexpressionisaninsincere,meaninglesssocialcustomattimes,thereisnothingwrongwiththesentenceexceptthatitislittleuninteresting.Thesalesgirl,thewaitress,theteacher,andallthecountlessotherswhospeakitwithoutthinkingmaynotreallycareaboutmyday.Butinastrangeandcomfortableway,it'snicetoknowtheycareenoughtopretendtheycarewhentheyreallydon'tcareallthatmuch.Whiletheexpressionmaynotoften
besincere,itisalwaysspoken.Thepointisthatpeoplesayitallthetimewhentheylike.
30.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?
A.HaveaNiceDay—aSocialCustom
B.HaveaNiceDay—aPleasantGesture
C.HaveaNiceDay—aHeartwarmingGreeting
D.HaveaNiceDay—aPoliteEndingofaConversation
解析:主旨大意题。由该段的第一句(特别是custom一词)可知。
答案:A
(2013年高考)Imaginationandfantasycanplayanimportantroleinachievingthethingswefear.Childrenknowthisverywell.FredEpstein,inhisbookIfIMakeIttoFive,tellsastoryheheardfromoneoffriendsaboutTom,afouryearoldboywithacancerinhisbackbone.Hecamethroughseveraloperationsandalotofpainbymasteringhisimagination
…
Itdoesn'tmeanthatyoushoulddressasasuperheroforyounextjobinterview.But,nexttimeyouaretestedinawaythatseemsimpossible,imaginewhatitwouldtaketoovercomeit.Becomethepersonyouneedtobecometowinoveryourchallengeanddoitinyourmindfirst.So,letyourimaginationrunwild,anddaretodream.
30.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?
A.Totellusaninterestingstory.
B.Tohelpusmakerightdecisions.
C.Toadviseustocareaboutchildren.
D.Toencourageustouseourimagination.
解析:主旨大意题。由文章首句Imaginationandfantasycanplayanimportantroleinachievingthethingswefear和全文末句So,letyourimaginationrunwild,anddaretodream可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励我们运用我们的想象力。
答案:D
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