英语中各个词的用法

介词是一种用来表示词与词,词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。

介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和

它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作主语,状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。例如:

Mostofthestudentswenttotheclassroom.

大部分学生去了教室。

介词常与动词,形容词,名词一起构成固定搭配。

belongto属于relyon依靠

talkto同...谈话beafraidof害怕

bestrictwith对...严格

介词一般放在名词之前。但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词,疑问副词或者关系代词时，

这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后了。

Wheredoyoucomefrom?

你是哪儿人?

介词在英语词汇中所占比例很小，但它们的用法却非常灵活,复杂。以下是一个例子:

about关于,附近,大约,周围,随身.

IhaveboughtabookaboutShakespearean.

我买了一本有关莎士比亚的书。

1.WITH

(1)v+with

(a)v+with

begin,mix,agree,deal,fight,meet,play,quarrel,do,fool,reason,

correspond,comply,settle.

(b)v+sth(sb)+with+sth(sb)

compare,provide,supply,feed,replace,combine,equip,furnish,

(2)adj+with

angry,strict,pleased,busy,covered,satisfied,filled,wrong,wild,

crowded,connected,popular,covered,patient,annoyed,acquainted,

delighted,confronted,content,friendly,identical,frank,concerned,

bored,afflicted,associated,blended,burdened,comparable,consistent,

disappointed,displeased,endowed,enraged,exhausted,familiar,gifted,

impatient,infested,intimate,irritated,level,moved,occupied,

overcome,popular,satisfied,vexed

(3)n+with

acquaintance,alliance,trouble,talk,chat,connection,consultation,

conversation,sympathy,

2.AT

(1)v+at

aim,point,snatch,wonder,strike,work,look,glance,laugh,run,

catch,shoot,stare,glare,thrust,smile,call,fire,tear,knock,

winder,arrive,come,gasp

(2)adj+at

amused,delighted,angry,good,surprised,astonished,pleased,

terrified,clever,alarmed,astonished,clumsy,disgusted,impatient,

quick,startled,surprised

(3)n+at

knock,pull,look,glance,smile,game,astonishment,surprise,alarm,

3.IN

(1)v+in

get,lie,turn,draw,believe,share,take,drop,give,call,hand,

succeed,bring,result,trade,involve,check,count,cut,indulge,

pour,participate,intervene,fill,join,confide,trust,believe,

persist,consist,

(b)V+sb(sth)+in

help,spend

(2)adj+in

rich,interested,active,disappointed,engaged,busy,weak,expert,

successful,absorbed,skilled,concerned,experienced,confident,

employed,accurate,clothed,diligent,negligent,proficient,prompt,

versed,

(3)n+in

interest,progress,satisfaction,faith,belief,confidence,response,

pride,perseverance,harm,difficulty,pleasure,confidence,delight,

4.FROM

(1)V+from

(a)V+from

learn,die,come,suffer,hear,fall,rise,hang,escape,date,depart,

result,descend,refrain,abstain,differ,distinguish,derive,expel,

conceal,judge

(b)V+sth(sb)+from+sth(sboraplace)

borrow,protect,receive,separate,keep,stop,prevent,deter,choose,

remove,save,dissuade,excuse,restrain

(2)adj+from

different,far,tired,made,separate,absent,distinct,hidden,made,

(3)n+from

letter,visitor,absence,difference,protection,relief,rescue,

5.OF

(1)V+of

(a)V+of

consist,dream,hear,tell,think,know,talk,die,speak

(b)V+sb+of+sth

rob,warn,inform,remind,accuse,cheat,convince,relieve,deprive,

(c)V+sth+of+sb

ask,beg,demand,require,

(2)adj+of

aware,careful,free,short,sure,certain,worthy,afraid,hopeful,

proud,full,tired,made,capable,impatient,considerate,

characteristic,guilty,capable,composed,jealous,ashamed,envious,

ignorant,apprehensive,bare,cautious,clear,composed,conscious,

descriptive,exclusive,forgetful,fond,hard,incapable,informed,

innocent,made,mindful,neglectful,observant,possessed,productive,

regardless,rid,sensible,sick,susceptible,weary

(3)n+of

quality,number,sample,choice,impression,neglect,attack,care,

consideration,pleasure,doubt,wayequivalence,possibility,example,

6.ON

(1)v+on

(a)v+on

act,lean,live,work,depend,look,wait,turn,switch,pull,have,

keep,call,put,push,speak,insist,push,collaborate,count,frown,

reckon,speculate,figure,carry,

(b)V+sb(sth)+ON+sb(sth)

congratulate,spend,base,fix

(2)adj+on

hard,keen,dependent,based,impressed,

(3)n+on

book,discussion,lecture,advice,opinion,impression,attack,dependence,

judgment,pity,mercy,authority

7.TO

(1)v+to

(a)v+to

listen,stick,refer,turn,point,reply,occur,attend,see,lead,happen,

come,get,write,hold,agree,belong,adapt,attribute,object,subscribe,

adjust,accede,yield,resort,relate,respond,testify,succumb,

(b)v+to+sb

announce,describe,explain,express,mention,report,say,shout,suggest,

whisper,speak,talk,nod,

(c)v+sth(sb)+sth(sb)

devote,compare,add,introduce,invite,leave,join,reduce,sentence,

carry,take,

(2)adj+to

equal,opposed,true,familiar,close,near,kind,harmful,polite,rude,

similar,useful,married,known,used,good,dedicated,fair,essential,

parallel,related,sensible,relevant,possible,indifferent,devoted,

comparable,necessary,contrary,suitable,strange,close,alike,opposite,

familiar,inferior,superior,proportionate,accessory,accustomed,adapted,

addicted,adequate,adjacent,afflicted,akin,alive,amenable,applicable,

attentive,awake,blind,common,conductive,congenial,contiguous,contrary,

corresponding,deaf,derogatory,disagreeable,displeasing,distasteful,

exposed,false,fatal,grateful,hostile,important,indifferent,loyal,

moved,obedient,odious,opposite,painful,partial,peculiar,pleasant,

precious,preferable,precious,prior,profitable,prone,proper,relative,

relevant,sacred,strange,subsequent,susceptible,thankful,

troublesome,

(3)n+to

key,answer,visitor,end,way,solution,traitor,attention,exception,

gratitude,approach

8.FOR

(1)v+for

(a)v+for

account,beg,hope,send,look,ask,long,pay,wish,wait,leave,fight,

plan,prepare,care,stand,search,answer,run,call,bargain,inquire,

press,apply,provide,apologize,

grieve

(b)v+sb+for+sth

ask,blame,forgive,pardon,pay,praise,punish,reward,thank,excuse,

(2)adj+for

eager,bad,good,famous,fit,suitable,ready,sorry,grateful,useful,

late,responsible,

proper,crucial,competent,eligible,noted,renowned,appropriate,

notorious,convenient,possible,profitable,liable,necessary,anxious,

bound,eligible,impatient,liable,sufficient,uncared,unfit,zealous,

(3)n+for

plan,need,reason,explanation,ability,affection,excuse,ambition,

anxiety,reputation,consideration,necessity,talent,sympathy,cause,

pretext,qualification

9.ABOUT

(1)v+about

quarrel,agree,consult,complain,speak,bring,think,set,care,fumble,

fuss,leave,move,lie,hear,speculate,inquire,

(2)adj+about

happy,anxious,nervous,cautious,careful,certain,excited,particular,

pleased,concerned,enthusiastic,uneasy,troubled

(3)n+on

concern,anxiety,opinion,question.

副词的用法

Hestudieshard.他用功读书。

Hismotherisveryglad.他母亲很高兴。

（1）.作状语

Heworkshard.（副词修饰动词）

他努力工作。

Youarequiteright.（修饰形容词）

你相当正确。

Heparkedthecarveryeasily.（修饰副词）

他很容易地把汽车停放好了。

Unfortunatelyhewasout.（修饰整个句子）

很不巧他出去了。

（2）.作定语

有时少数地点副词和时间副词可以作定语，放在所修饰词的后边。

注意

副词作定语时和介词短语作定语一样，一律后置。

（3）.作表语

作表语的副词多数是表示位置的，如in,out，on，back,down，up，off，away，upstairs.

Heisin.他在家。

What'sonthisevening？今晚演什么节目??

（4）.作宾语补足语

Letthemin.

让他们进来。

副词的位置

（1）.地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放在句末

注意

地点副词作定语时要后置，不属于这种情况。参见P.72的例句。

I'llwaitforyouhere.（地点副词）

我将在这儿等你。

注意

有时为了强调时间，也可把时间副词放在句首。

Theboywrotethehomeworkquickly.

（方式副词）

这个男孩子写作业很快。

（2）.频度副词在句中位置有以下两种

a.在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后。

Sheisalwayskindtous（be动词）

她对我们总是很好。

英文中数字的写法和汉语有所不同，想必大家都已经了解。但日常生活中难免还会连词是指把词、词组、分句和句子甚至段落连接起来的起连接作用的词或词组。连词的种类很多，主要有以下几类：

一、并列连词

1、表示对等关系的并列连词。使用该类并列连词时必须保持结构对等，词性统一，在句子中要使用对等成分，不可失之偏颇。常用的该类连词有：and，either．．．or，neither．．nor，aswellas，both．．．and，notonly．．．butalso。如：

Thisisanoldclockthatisnotonlyveryhandsomebutalsoaccurate．

2、表示选择关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有：or，orelse，otherwise，ratherthan，either．．．or。如：

Youshouldgetthelicenserightaway，oryou'llhavetopayafine．

3、表示转折和对比关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有：but，while，whereas，yet，however，nevertheless，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary。如：

Sheisafunnygirl，yetyoucan'thelplikingher．

4、表示因果关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有：so，for，therefore，hence，thus，consequently，accordingly。如：

Itwasrainingheavily，sothesportsmeetingwaspostponed．

二、从属连词

1、引导时间状语的从属连词。该类连词除一些常用的外，还包括：assoonas，themoment（一……就……），theminute，theinstant，once，immediately（一……就……），nosooner．．．than

（一……就……），hardly．．．when（刚……就……）。

如：

Hetoldmethenewsimmediatelyhegotit．

2、引导地点状语的从属连词。该类连词有两个：where和wherever。如：

Wherethereisalife，thereisahope．

3、引导条件状语的从属连词。该类连词除

if，unless和ifonly（要是……就好了），还有：

provided（that），providing（that），supposing（that），

suppose，incase（that），aslongas（只要），onconditionthat。如：

IfonlyIhadmoremoney，Icouldbuysomenewclothes．

4、引导目的状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：sothat，that，inorderthat，lest，forfearthat，incase（that）。例如：

Sheworriedforfearthatthechildwouldbehurt．

5、引导原因状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：as，because，since，inthat，nowthat（既然），seeingthat（鉴于）。例如：

Seeingthatitiseighto'clock，we'llwaitnolonger．

6、引导比较状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：as，as．．．as，less（more）．．．than，themore．．．themore。例如：

Themorewecandoforyou，thehappierwewillbe．

7、引导方式状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：as，asif（好像），asthough（好像）。例如：

Heatcanflowfromahotbodytoacoolerbodyasifitwereafluid．

8、引导结果状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：so．．．that，such．．．that，so（that）。例如：

Heissuchanhonestmanthateveryonewouldliketotrusthim．

9、引导让步状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：though，although，evenif，eventhough，while，as，whatever，however，whoever，nomatter．．．（不管）。例如：

Hardashetried，hefailedtopasstheexam．

三、连接代词和连接副词

这类词用来引导名词性从句。连接代词有：that（不充当成分），which，what，who，whose等；连接副词有：when，where，how，why等。

四、关系代词和关系副词

这类词用来引导定语从句。关系代词包括：who，that，which，as，whose，whom等。关系副词包括：when，where，why，how等。关系代词和关系副词起着三重作用：其一，它们连接着主句和从句；其二，它们代表着主句的一个先行词（which和as还可以代表主句中的一个词组或整个句子）；其三，它们又在从句中充当成分。