英语上什么叫分词!

分词就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词;尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n结尾的英语动词性形容词,具有形容词功能,同时又表现各种动词性特点,如时态,语态、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾词的性能.分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式.现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示主动和进行,过去分词表示被动和完成(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成).分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等.

一.分词总介:

1、分词作状语

分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等.

分词（短语）作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句中主语相一致..当现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时,则用现在分词的完成式,且所表示动作与谓语动作同时发生,则用现在分词的一般式.完成或被动关系用过去分词.

（1）现在分词Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,laughingandtalking.

（2）过去分词Accompaniedbyhisfriend,hewenttotherailwaystation.Givenbetterattention,theplantscouldgrowbetter.

2、while(when,once,until,if,though等连词)＋分词结构

现在分词或过去分词作状语时,有时可以在分词前加while,when,once,although,until,if等连词.

Whenleavingtheairport,shewavedagainandagaintous.Whilewaitingforthetrain,Ihadalongtalkwithmysisteraboutherwork……

Oncerecovered,hethrewhimselfintohisworkandmadeeveryefforttodoitwell.

Althoughworkingveryhard,hefailedtopassthefinalexam.Iftranslatedwordbyword,thepassagewillbedifficulttounderstand.

3、分词作定语

分词作定语时,单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面.现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系).

Wewillgoonwithourexperimentassoonaswegettheaddedfund.

Thisisreallyanexhaustingdaytoallofus!

Wecanseethepartofthemoonlightedbysunlight.

Afteranightspentinexcitementandsleeplessness,Iforcedmyselftotakealongwalkalongthebeachthenextday.

Moreandmoredevelopingcountriesestablishedstrategicpartnershipwithdevelopedcountries

4、分词作宾语补足语

现在分词在see,watch,hear,observe,notice,feel,find,glimpse,glance等感官动词和lookat,listento等短语动词以及have,keep,get,catch,leave,set,start,send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语,作宾语补语的成分.

5、分词作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用.现在分词表示主语的性质,而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的感受或状态,主语多为人.

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二.现在分词的用法：

1)做表语：

Hewasveryamused.

Thatbookwasratherboring.

很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语：

exciting,interesting,encouraging,disappointing,confusing,touching,puzzling.

2)作定语：

上面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语,修饰一个名词：

Thatmusthavebeenaterrifyingexperience.

Ifoundhimacharmingperson.

现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词,相当于一个定语从句：

Thereareafewboysswimmingintheriver.

Thereisacarwaitingoutside.

3)作状语：

现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作：

FollowingTom,westartedtoclimbthemountain.

Openingthedrawer,hetookoutabox.

Takingakeyoutofhispocket,heopenedthedoor.

现在分词短语还可以表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句：

Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.

Beingunemployed,hehasn’tgotmuchmoney.

现在分词短语还可以表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句：

Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.

Returninghome,hebegantodohishomework.

Jimhurthisarmwhileplayingtennis.

Becarefulwhencrossingtheroad.

Havingfoundahotel,welookedforsomewheretohavedinner.

Havingfinishedherwork,shewenthome.

4)作宾补：

现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语：

例如,see,hear,catch,find,keep,have等.

Iseehimpassingmyhouseeveryday.

Icaughthimstealingthingsinthatshop.

Ismeltsomethingburning.

Shekepthimworkingallday.

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三.过去分词的用法：

1)作表语：

Weweresoboredthatwecouldn’thelpyawning.

Shefeltconfused,andevenfrightened.

Theywereverypleasedwiththegirl.

I’msatisfiedwithyouranswer.

Heisnotinterestedinresearch.

2)作定语：

Shehasapleasedlookonherface.

Theteachergaveusasatisfiedsmile.

cookedfoodawrittenreport

friedeggsboiledwater

frozenfoodarmedforces

requiredcoursesfallenleaves

finishedproductsaforcedsmile

therisensunnewarrivedvisitors

What’sthelanguagespokeninthatcountry?

They’reproblemleftoverbyhistory.

Theplayputonbytheteacherswasabigsuccess.

Isthereanybodyinjured?

Doyouknowthenumberofbooksordered?

3)作状语：

Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmagnificent.

Givengoodhealth,Ihopetofinishtheworkthisyear.

Theycamein,followedbysomechildren.

Depressed,hewenttoseehiseldersister.

Whentreatedwithkindness,hewasveryamiable.

4)作宾补：

过去分词也同样可以作宾语的补语,接在某些动词后面

Iwillhavetheclotheswashedtomorrow.

Whentheygetbackhome,theyfoundtheroomrobbed.

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