英语读音规则与拼法

1

字母与发音一一对应的辅音

b -- ball

d -- dog

f -- fish

h -- hat

j -- jump

k -- kite

l -- leg

m -- man

n -- not

p -- pen

q – quick

r -- run

s -- sun

t -- ten

v -- vest

w -- water

z -- zoo

（注意q与u总是连在一起的）

2

有多个发音的辅音：

字母 发音 例词

c字母c后面接a，o，u的时候，c的发音与字母k发音相同，叫做“hard c sound”cat, cap, call, coat, cup

当字母c后面接e，i，或y的时候，通常c的发音与字母s发音相同，叫做“soft c sound”city, ice, rice, face, cell, cent, voice, pencil, juice

有时在e或i前面，c会发/sh/音ocean, racial, social

g字母g后面接a，o，u的时候，所发的音叫做“hard g sound” girl, gas, get, give, go

当字母g后面接e，i，或y的时候，有时g的发音与字母j的发音相同，叫做“软g音”age, change, ginger, Egypt, gentle, giraffe, badge

特例：forget, give, girl中的g发hard sound

xx在单词中间或结尾时发/ks/音box, next, mix, six, fox

x在单词中间时有时发/gz/音exit, exam, exact

x在单词起始位置时发/z/音xylophone, Xerox

yy在单词起始位置时发音为辅音yes, you, yard, year, yell

y在单词或音节中间或结尾时被当做元音

y在结尾，单词只有一个音节时y发长/i/音，

y在结尾，单词有两个或以上音节时y发长/e/音

y在单词或音节中间时，发短/i/音：my, cry, fly, sky.

字母组合 例词：

带有l的字母组合bl black, blame, bless, blue, blast

cl --clock, class, clap, clue, close

fl --flag, fly, flat, flash, flower

gl --glass, glad, glide, glue, globe

pl --plate, plane, place, plus, plan

sl --sled, sleep, slow, slide, slim

带有r的字母组合br --bridge, break, brave, brown, bread

cr --crab, crack, crop, crown, creek

dr --dress, drag, drink, drive, drop

fr --frog, fresh, free, from, front

gr --grape, grade, grass, grin, grunt

pr --press, pride, price, print, proof

tr --truck, track, true, train, tree

带有s的字母组合sc --scale, scar, score, scare, scuff

sk --skate, skip, skill, skull, skin

sm --smoke, smile, smog, smell, smear

sn --snake, snap, snore, snow, snug

sp --spoon, spin, spot, spell, sport

st --stop, stack, stay, step, still

sw --swim, swell, swing, sweet, swift

tw --twig, tweet, twist, twin, twine

三字母组合shr --shrink, shred, shrill, shrimp, shrub

spl --splash, split, splice, splint, splurge

spr --spread, spring, spree, sprain, spray

squ --square, squad, squirrel, squat, squeak

str --string, strip, straw, stream, street

thr --throw, three, throne, thrift, thrill

在结尾的字母组合ck（只发一个/k/音） --duck, pack, quick, luck, rock

ld --cold, gold, held, mild, bald

lk --milk, silk, elk, sulk, skulk

mp --lamp, damp, champ, hump, dump

nch --inch, ranch, lunch, bench, crunch

nd --hand, kind, bend, stand, mind

ng（这个音比较特别，是舌头抵住上颚后方所发出的鼻音）--ring, long, sing, wing, lung

nk --sink, bank, trunk, pink, ink

nt --tent, ant, hunt, sent, mint

sh --fish, rash, brush, wish, trash

st --vest, last, test, list, lost

字母组合 不发音字母 例词

gh h ghost, ghetto, ghastly

gn g gnat, gnarl, gnaw, gnome, sign

kn k knife, knit, know, knock, knee

mb b comb, lamb, thumb, dumb, climb

pn p pneumonia

ps p psalm, psychic, psychology

rh h rhinoceros, rhyme, rhythm

sc c scissors, scent, scene, scenery, scenario

wr w wrong, wrist, wrap, wretch, wrench

gh gh light, high, eight, sigh, night