英语名词比较级和最高级变化规则

规则如下：形容词和副词比较级、最高级变化规则

1.一般在单音节词尾加-er, - est

hard- harder-hardestfast-faster-fastest

2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单音节词和以-le结尾的双音节词直接加-r,- st

late - later- latest;gentle – gentler – gentlest; noble–nobler--noblest ; simple- simpler- simplest

3.以辅元辅结尾且重读的，双写最后的一个辅音字母，再加-er,-est

hot-hotter-hottestbig-bigger-biggestfat-fatter-fattest

4.以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，变y 为i,再加-er,- est

easy-easier-easiestheavy-heavier-heaviest busy-busier-busiest happy-happier-happiest friendly-friendlier-friendliest lovely-lovelier-loveliest

early-earlier-earliest

( likely有两种：likelier, likeliest或 more likely, most likely,但常用于more likely,如be more likely to do sth.)

5.由形容词+ly变化的双音节副词，在前面加more, most

slowly-more slowly-most slowly

warmly-more warmly-most warmly

6.少数双音节词直接加-er,-est

clever-cleverer-cleverest(more clever, most clever也对)narrow-narrower-narrowest, quiet-quieter-quietestcommon-commoner-commonest （more common, most common也对）

cruel-crueler-cruelest

7.多数双音节加-more,-most

careful –more careful - most careful

useful-more useful-most useful

active-more active-most activeoften-more often –most often

exact--more exact –most exact

8.不规则变化级

good/well - better - best， bad/badly/ill - worse - worst

many/much - more - most ， little -less -least

far - farther/further - farthest/furthest ，old - older/elder - oldest/eldest

特别提醒：◇farther指“距离更远”，further指“程度更深”。记住以下三个词组：further study(进修) further education(继续教育) further information (进一步的信息)

◇elder仅用于同辈之间的排行，如: elder sister(姐姐)elder brother (哥哥)

◇less作为“更少”仅用来修饰不可数名词，修饰可数名词表示“更少”要用fewer。

9.作表语的单音节形容词加more ,most

tired –more tired –most tiredpleased-more pleased –most pleased

glad -more glad –most gladafraid ---- more afraid, most afraid

bored ---- more bored , most bored

10.多音节词形容词加more ,most

beautiful- more beautiful –most beautiful expensive-more expensive- most expensive

特别提醒：以形容前缀un构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，如unhappy----unhappier----unhappiest,untidy----untidier----untidiest

11.“less+形容词或副词”，构成劣等比较，作降级比较