英语：直接引语变间接引语有几种类型都是什么

由直接引语变为间接引语,分以下情况：

1．直接引语是陈述句时

间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略）,主句的引述动词主要有say,tell,repeat,explain,think等.

Hesaid,YouareyoungerthanI.-'Hesaid(that)Iwasyoungerthanhim.

2.直接引语是疑问句时

间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say改为ask,或改为wonder,donotknow,wanttoknow,benotsure,bepuzzled等.

（1）一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句.

Shesaid,Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers?

→Sheaskedmeif(或whether)Ioftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.

Sheaskedme,Youhaveseenthefilm,haven'tyou?

→Sheaskedmewhether(或if)Ihadseenthefilm.

（2）选择疑问句变为whether….or宾语从句.

Iaskedhim,Willyoustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight?

→Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight.

(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句.

Heasked,Wheredoyoulive?

→HeaskedmewhereIlived.

3.直接引语是祈使句时

间接引语为不定式,作ask,tell,beg,order,warn,advise等动词的宾语补足语（don't变为not）.

Theteachersaidtotheboy,Openthewindow.→Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow.

Hisfathersaidtohim,Don'tleavethedooropen.→Hisfathertoldhimnottoleavethedooropen.

[注意]

（1）有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句,可以用suggest,insist等动词加以转述.例如：

Hesaid,Let'sgotothetheatre.

→Hesuggested(our)goingtothetheatre.或Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothetheatre.

(2)Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?heasked.

→Heaskedmetoopenthewindow.

Whydon'tyoutakeawalkaftersupper?heasked.

→headvisedmetotakeawalkaftersupper.

Shallwelistentothemusic?heasked.

→Hesuggestedlisteningtothemusic.

4.直接引语是感叹句时

间接引语为what或how引导,也可以用that引导.

Shesaid,Whatalovelydayitis!

→Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.

5．如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时,则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态.如果主句谓语动词为过去时,间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：

（1）一般现在时变为一般过去时

（2）现在进行时变为过去进行时

（3）一般将来时变为过去将来时

（4）现在完成时变为过去完成时

（5）一般过去时变为过去完成时

（6）过去完成时不变,仍为过去完成时

[注意]

（1）如果直接引语是表示客观真理时,变为间接引语,一般现在时不改为一般过去时.如：

TheteachersaidTheearthgoesroundthesun.

→Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.

（2）如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语,变为间接引语时,一般过去时不改为过去完成时.如：

Hesaidtome,Iwasbornin1973.

→Hetoldmethathewasbornin1973.

(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效,变为间接宾语时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时.如：

Hesaid,I'maboy,notagirl.

→Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.

(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作,在变为间接引时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时.如：

Thegirlsaid,Igetupatsixeverymorning.

→Thegirlsaidthatshegetsupatsixeverymorning.

(5)如果直接引语中含有since,when,while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句,在变为间接引语时,只改变主句中的谓语动词,从句的一般过去时则不变.如：

Hesaidtome,IhavetaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.

→HetoldmethathehadtaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.

(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词must,need,hadbetter以及情态动词的过去式could,might,should,would,在变为间接引语时,这些情态动词没有时态的改变.例如：

Theteachersaidtome.Youmustpaymoreattentiontoyourpronunciation.

→TheteachertoldmethatImust(haveto)paymoreattentiontomypronunciation.

Hesaid,IcouldswimwhenIwasonlysix.

→Hesaidthathecouldswimwhenhewasonlysix.

6.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化,变化方法见下表.

指示代词

this……these

these……those

表示时间的词

now……then

today……thatday

thisweek(month,etc)……thatweek(month,etc)

yesterday……thedaybefore

lastweek(month,etc)……theweek(month,etc)before

threedays(ayear,etc)ago……threedays(ayear.etc)before

tomorrow……thenext(following)day

nextweek(month,etc)……thenext(following)week(month,etc)

表地点的词

here……there

动词

bring……take

come……go