英语被动语态的结构是怎么样的

被动语态的最基本构成是：be + done （动词的过去分词形式） 被动语态和时态是分不开的。

很多时态都有其被动语态形式。 总结如下： 1) 一般现在时 一般现在时主要由动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s，其方法与名词单数变复数的方法相同。另外be和have有特殊的人称形式，be在I后为am；在he，she，it后为is；在we，you，they后为are；have在第三人称单数后为has，在其他人称后仍为have。被动语态：be(am/is/are) + done (by) 主动语态：Everyone likes her. 被动语态：She is liked by everyone. 2) 现在进行时 现在进行时由“be(am/is/are) + 现在分词”构成，其否定式是在be后加not，疑问式是将be提前。 They are building a new school in our village.She is cleaning the classroom. 被动语态：be(am/is/are) being done A new school is being built in our village.The classroom is being cleaned (by her). 3) 现在完成时 现在完成时由“have (has)+过去分词”构成。否定式在have (has) 后加not，疑问式将have (has) 提前。 They have built a new school in our village.I have taught English for 20 years. 被动语态：have/has been + done A new school has been built in our village. 4) 现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时由“have (has) +been + 现在分词”构成。 I have been teaching English for 20 years. 5) 一般过去时 由动词的过去式表示，其变化是在动词后加-ed，但英语中有大量动词的变化是不规则的，需特别记忆。 Tom broke the glass this morning. 被动语态：was/were + done The glass was broken by Tom this morning.c.f.: The glass was broken.（这只玻璃杯是破的。非被动语态） 6) 过去进行时 由“was (were) +现在分词”构成。第一人称单数和第三人称单数后用was，其他人称后用were。 He was watching TV when I came in. 我进来时他正在看电视。 被动语态：was/were + being + done She said that the bicycle was being repaired by her father. 7) 过去完成时 过去完成时由“had + 过去分词”构成，主要表示过去某时或某一动作之前已经发生的动作，既表示“过去的过去”，常带有时间状语。 They had already left when we got to the station. 我们到达车站时他们已经离开了。 He said that he had bought a new car. 他说他买了一辆新车。 被动语态：had been done She told me that the bicycle had been repaired by her father. 她告诉我说自行车是她爸爸修的。 8) 过去完成进行时 过去完成进行时由“had been + 现在分词”构成，主要表示过去某时以前一直要进行的一个动作。 At last I got the letter I had been expecting. 最后我终于收到了我一直在期盼的那封信。 9) 一般将来时 主要由“will +动词原形”构成，第一人称后有时用shall。其否定式是在will后加not，缩写为won’t；疑问是将will提前。表示从现在看将要发生的动作或情况，通常带有表示将来的时间状语。其它表达方式有：be going to do; be to do; be about to do; be doing+将来时间；do+将来时间 He will come to see you tomorrow. 他明天将来看你。 They will build a new airport in Beijing. 被动语态：will be done A new airport will be built in Beijing. 10) 将来进行时 将来进行时由“will (shall) be + 现在分词”构成，主要表示将来某时刻正在进行的动作。 What will you be doing at 10:00 a.m. tomorrowI will be having a class this time tomorrow. 11) 将来完成时 将来完成时由“will (shall) have + 过去分词”构成。 By the end of this year, he will have worked here for ten years. 到今年年底，他将在此工作满十年。 被动语态：will have been done The work will have been finished by the time he comes. 12) 将来完成进行时 将来完成进行时由“will (shall) have been + 现在分词”构成，表示将来某时前一直进行的动作。 She will have been studying here for three years in a month’s time (by the end of next month). 再过一个月她在这里学习就满三年了。 13) 过去将来时 过去将来时由“would + 动词原形”构成，表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的事情。例如： He said he would join the English club. 他说他将加入英语俱乐部。 被动语态：would be done My father told me that our car would be repaired by a friend. 14) 过去将来进行时 过去将来进行时由“would be + 现在分词”构成，表示从过去某时看将来某时将正在进行的动作或预计要发生的动作。 She asked me what I would be doing that evening. 她问我那天晚上将干什么。 15) 过去将来完成时 由“would have + 过去分词”构成，表示从过去某时看来将来某时将已经完成的动作。 He told me that he would have finished his homework by six o’clock. 他告诉我到六点钟时他就可以把作业作完。 I thought she would have told you about it. 我以为她会已经告诉你这件事了。 被动语态：would have been done My sister told me that a new house would have been built by the time I went back home. 16) 过去将来完成进行时 由“would have been + 现在分词”构成，表示从过去某时看来未来某时以前会一直在进行的动作。 He told me that he would have been teaching here for ten years by July. 他告诉我到七月份他在这儿任教将满十年了。 以上是在小马过河看到的信息，没有列出被动语态的时态，如“完成进行时”，就是没有被动语态形式。