中石油职称英语考试阅读理解精讲

　　WhyToMarkaBook怎样在书上做标记　　1.Youknowyouhavetoreadbetweenthelinestogetthemostoutofanything.Iwanttopersuadeyoutodosomethingequallyimportantinthecourseofyourreading.Iwanttopersuadeyoutowritebetweenthelines.Unlessyoudo,youarenotlikelytodothemostefficientkindofreading.

　　1、你知道读书必须要阅读字里行间的言外之意，以求最充分的理解(togetthemostoutofanything)。我劝(persuade)你在读书过程中(inthecourseofyourreading)做一件同等重要的事情(todosomethingequallyimportant);我劝你在字里行间里写字。不这样做(unless)，就达不到最有效的阅读效果。

　　2.Icontend,quitebluntly,thatmarkingupabookisnotanactofmutilationbutlove.

　　2、坦率地说，我认为(contend)，在书上涂抹标记(markingupabook)不是一种损毁行为(anactofmutilation)，而是爱。

　　3.Youshouldn'tmarkupabookwhichisn'tyours.Librarians(oryourfriends)wholendyoubooksexpectyoutokeepthemclean,andyoushould.IfyoudecidethatIamrightabouttheusefulnessofmarkingbooks,youwillhavetobuythem.Mostoftheworld'sgreatbooksareavailabletoday,inreprinteditions,foramodestsum.

　　3、当然你不应该(shouldn't)在不属于你的书上做标记。借给你书的图书管理员(或者你的朋友)希望你保持书的整洁，你应该这样做。如果你认为我说的在书上做标记颇有益处这番话是对的，你就得自己买书。现在绝大部分世界上的好书都有再版(reprintedition)，我们很容易买到，并且价格合理(amodestsum)。

　　4.Therearetwowaysinwhichyoucanownabook.Thefirstisthepropertyrightyouestablishbypayingforit,justasyoupayforclothes,andfurniture.Butthisactofpurchaseisonlythepreludetopossession.Fullownershipcomesonlywhenyouhavemadeitapartofyourself,andthebestwaytomakeyourselfapartofitisbywritinginit.Anillustrationmaymakethepointclear.Youbuyabeefsteakandtransferitfromthebutcher'siceboxtoyourown.Butyoudonotownthebeefsteakinthemostimportantsenseuntilyouconsumeitandgetitintoyourbloodstream.Iamarguingthatbooks,too,mustbeabsorbedinyourbloodstreamtodoyouanygood.

　　4、一个人拥有书的方式有两种，第一种是花钱(bypayingforit)取得(establish)财产所有权(propertyright)，就像(justas)你花钱买衣服和家具一样。但是这种购买行为仅是拥有书的前提(preludetopossession)。只有你将它化为自己的一部分后，你才完全占有了它(fullownershipcomes);同时把你自己融入书中的最好方法就是在书中写字(bywritinginit)。打个比方可能使这个观点更清楚(Anillustrationmaymakethepointclear)。你买了一块牛排(beefsteak)，把它从屠夫的冰箱里移到了你自己的冰箱里。但是从最重要的意义上说(inthemostimportantsense)，你并没有拥有这块牛排，除非你吃下它并将它吸收进你的血液(bloodstream)之中。我的观点是(Iamarguingthat)，书的营养也必须应该被吸收到血液中，才能对你有所裨益。

　　5.Confusionaboutwhatitmeanstoownabookleadspeopletoafalsereverenceforpaper,binding,andtype-arespectforthephysicalthing-thecraftoftheprinterratherthanthegeniusoftheauthor.Theyforgetthatitispossibleforamantoacquirethatidea,topossessthebeauty,whichagreatbookcontains,withoutstakinghisclaimbypastinghisbookplateinsidethecover.Havingafinelibrarydoesn'tprovethatitsownerhasamindenrichedbybooks;itprovesnothingmorethanthathe,hisfather,orhiswife,wasrichenoughtobuythem.

　　5、对于拥有书籍的真正含义的(aboutwhatitmeanstoownabook)误解(confusion)使人们错误地崇敬(afalsereverence)纸张、装订和样式-这是对物质的崇敬(arespectforthephysicalthing)-是崇敬印刷工人的技艺(craft)，而不是书籍作者的才华。他们忘记了即使不在(without)封面里贴上藏书票(bypastinghisbookplateinsidethecover)表明自己对书籍的拥有，人们也可以从一本伟大的著作中获得它的精神(toacquirethatidea)，领略它的美丽(topossessthebeauty)。一个好书房并不能证明它的主人学富五车;仅仅(nothingmorethan)说明他、他的父亲或是他的妻子有钱买书而已。

　　6.Therearethreekindsofbookowners.Thefirsthasallthestandardsetsandbest-sellers-unread,untouched.(Thisdeludedindividualownswoodpulpandink,notbooks.)Thesecondhasagreatmanybooks-afewofthemreadthrough,mostofthemdippedinto,butallofthemascleanandshinyasthedaytheywerebought.(Thispersonwouldprobablyliketomakebookshisown,butisrestrainedbyafalserespectfortheirphysicalappearance.)Thethirdhasafewbooksormanyeveryoneofthemdog-earedanddilapidated,shakenandloosenedbycontinualuse,markedandscribbledinfromfronttoback.(Thismanownsbooks.)

　　6、书籍拥有者可以分为三种。第一种人拥有全部的标准成套书和畅销书(best-sellers)--既没读过，也没碰过(unread,untouched)。(这种人占有的只是纸浆和油墨，不是书籍。)第二种人藏书很多--其中几本(afewofthem)被通读过(readthrough仔细阅读)，大部分(mostofthem)则浅尝辄止(dipinto浏览,稍加审视)，但是所有的书都跟新买时一样整洁光亮(ascleanandshinyasthedaytheywerebought)。(这种人可能想使书籍真地为其所用，但因错误地过分关注书籍的外观而裹足不前。第三种人藏书或多或少--因不断使用，每本书都书角卷起(dog-eared)，破旧不堪(dilapidated)，装订破损，书页松散(loosened)，全书从扉页至末页都画满了记号，涂满了字句(scribble)。(这种人才是书的真正拥有者。)

　　7.Isitfalserespect,youmayask,topreserveintactandunblemishedabeautifullyprintedbook,anelegantlyboundedition?Ofcoursenot.I'dnomorescribblealloverafirsteditionofParadiseLostthanI'dgivemybabyasetofcrayonsandanoriginalRembrandt!Iwouldn'tmarkupapaintingorastatue.Itssoul,sotospeak,isinseparablefromitsbody.Andthebeautyofarareeditionorofarichlymanufacturedvolumeislikethatofapaintingorastatue.

　　7、你可能要问，将一本印刷精美、装帧雅致的书保存完好，难道也是不恰当的吗?当然不是(ofcoursenot)。我绝不会在一本初版的《失乐园》上乱涂乱写(scribble)，就像我不会把一幅伦勃朗的原作连同一盒蜡笔交给我的孩子任意涂抹一样!(nomorethan与同样不)我决不会在一幅绘画或者一座雕像上做标记。可以说它们的灵魂与它们的躯体是不可分的。(beinseparablefrom不可与...分开)精美的善本或丰富的卷册就像一幅绘画和一座雕像。

　　8.Butthesoulofabookcanbeseparatedfromitsbody.Abookismorelikethescoreofapieceofmusicthanitislikeapainting.Nogreatmusicianconfusesasymphonywiththeprintedsheetofmusic.ArturoToscaninireveredBrahms,butToscanini'sscoreoftheC-minorSymphonywassothoroughlymarkedupthatnoonebutthemaestrohimselfcouldreadit.Thereasonwhyagreatconductormakesnotationsonhismusicalscores-marksthemupagainandagaineachtimehereturnstostudythem-isthereasonwhyyoushouldmarkyourbooks.Ifyourrespectformagnificentbindingortypographygetsintheway,buyyourselfacheapeditionandpayyourrespectstotheauthor.

　　8、但是，一本书的灵魂能够从它的躯体里分离出来。与其说它像一幅画(aprinting)，还不如说它更像一首乐曲的总谱(thescroeofapieceofmusic;scroe【音乐】总谱;(电影等的)配乐;apieceofmusic一段音乐;一首音乐;一首乐曲)。任何伟大的音乐家都不会将一首交响曲(asymphony)和一张印刷的乐谱相混淆。托斯卡尼尼非常崇敬(revere)博拉姆斯，但他的C小调交响曲的乐谱上画满了标记，以致(that)只有大师本人(nonoebutthemaestrohimself)才能看懂。为什么一个伟大的指挥家(agreatconductor)会在乐谱上做记号(makenotations)-甚至每次研究都会重复标记-其中的奥妙正是你应该在书上做记号的原因。如果你对华美的(magnificent)装帧和印刷的尊重妨碍(getintheway)你读书的话，就给自己买一种便宜的版本，同时对书的作者表达敬意就可以了。

　　9.Whyismarkingupabookindispensabletoreading?First,itkeepsyouawake.(AndIdon'tmeanmerelyconscious;Imeanwideawake.)Inthesecondplace,reading,ifitisactive,isthinking,andthinkingtendstoexpressitselfinwords,spokenorwritten.Thatmarkedbookisusuallythethought-throughbook.Finally,writinghelpsyourememberthethoughtsyouhad,orthethoughtstheauthorexpressed.

　　9、为什么在阅读过程中在书上做标记是必不可少的(indispensable)呢?首先它会使你保持清醒。(我指的不是仅仅神智清醒(merelyconscious);我的意思是它能使你全神贯注(wideawake)。)其次(inthesecondplace)，如果阅读(reading)是一种能动的行为，那么它就是思考，而想法(thinking)常常需借助口头的或书面的语言来表达出来。做过记号的书，通常是读者认真思考过的书(thethought-throughbook)。最后写可以帮助你记住阅读时的思想，或作者所表达的思想。

　　10.Ifreadingistoaccomplishanythingmorethanpassingtime,itmustbeactive.Youcan'tletyoureyesglideacrossthelinesofabookandcomeupwithanunderstandingofwhatyouhaveread.Nowanordinarypieceoflightfiction,like,say,Gone14h'ththeWind,doesn'trequirethemostactivekindofreading.Thebooksyoureadforpleasurecanbereadinastateofrelaxation,andnothingislost.Butagreatbook,richinideasandbeauty,abookthatraisesandtriestoanswergreatfundamentalquestions,demandsthemostactivereadingofwhichyouarecapable.Youdon'tabsorbtheideasofJohnDeweythewayyouabsorbthesongsofapopularsinger.Youhavetoreachforthem.Thatyoucannotdowhileyou'reasleep.

　　10、如果(你的)阅读的目的不仅仅是(morethan)消磨时间(passingtime)，那就应该是一种积极的思维活动，仅仅让你的眼睛在书上扫视一遍，你不可能对所读的'内容(whatyouhaveread)有所理解。当然一部普通的消遣小说(lightfiction)，比如说(like,say,)《飘》，并不需要那种最积极的思维式的阅读。作为消遣的书，可以轻松地读而不会有所失。但一本思想丰富、文字华美，试图提出(raise)带根本性的重大问题并加以回答的伟大著作，则要求你尽可能地进行(ofwhichyouarecapable;becapableofv.能够)最积极的阅读。你不可能像欣赏(absorb)流行歌曲那样领略(absorb)杜威的思想。你要花力气才能获得，漫不经心是做不到的。

　　11.If,whenyou'vefinishedreadingabook,thepagesarefilledwithyournotes,youknowyoureadactively.ThemostfamousactivereaderofgreatbooksIknowwasPresidentHutchins,oftheUniversityofChicago.HealsohadthehardestscheduleofbusinessactivitiesofanymanIknow.Heinvariablyreadwithapencil,andsometimes,whenhepickedupabookandpencilintheevening,hefoundhimself,insteadofmakingintelligentnotes,drawingwhathecalledcaviarfactoriesonthemargins.Whenthathappened,heputthebookdown.Heknewhewastootiredtoread,andwasjustwastingtime.

　　11、如果，你读完一本书的时候，书页上写满了你的批注(yournotes)，你就知道自己的阅读是积极的(actively)。我知道的最有名的采用积极方式阅读伟大著作的人(themostfamousactivereaderofgreatbooks)是芝加哥大学的校长哈金斯。他也是我所知道的公务最繁忙的人(thehardestscheduleofbusinessactivitiesofanyman)。他读书时总是(invariably=always)拿着铅笔。有时当他在晚上拿起书和铅笔的时候，发觉自己并没有(insteadof)在做有意义的笔记(intelligentnotes)，而是在页边空白处(onthemargins)乱涂乱画一些他称之为鱼子酱工厂(caviarfactories)的东西。一出现这种情况，他就会放下书本。他知道自己太累了以致读不下去，(再继续看书)完全是在浪费时间。

　　练习:

　　1.Iwanttopersuadeyou_______somethingequallyimportantinthecourseofyourreading.

　　AdoingBtodoCtodoingDhavedone

　　2.Therearetwoways_____youcanownabook.

　　AbywhichBofwhichCinwhichDwithwhich

　　3.Iamarguingthatbooksmust_____yourbloodstreamtodoyouanygood.

　　AabsorbinBbeabsorbedinCsoakinDsuckin

　　4.Confusionabout____itmeanstoownabookleadspeopletoafalsereverenceforpaper,bindingandtypethecraftofprinterratherthanthegeniusoftheauthor.

　　AwhichBthatCwhatDwhose

　　5.Theyforgetthatitispossibleforamantoacquirethatidea,topossessthebeauty,whichagreatbookcontains,without_____hisclaimby____hisbookplateinsidethecover.

　　Astarting,pastingBstaking,passingCstaking,pastingDstake,paste

　　6.Havingafinelibrarydoesntprovethatitsownerhasamind_____bybooks.

　　ArichBcolorfulCenrichingDenriched

　　7.Thesecondhasagreatmanybooks--afewofthemreadthrough,mostofthem____,butallofthemascleanandshinyasthey____.

　　Adippedinto,boughtBdipinto,werebought

　　Cdipinto,buyDdippedinto,werebought

　　8.Abookis_____likethescoreofapieceofmusic_____itislikeapainting.

　　Anomore,thanBmore,thanCsame,asDtoo,to

　　9.Whyismarkingupabook____toreading?

　　AdependableBindispensableCdependentDdisposal

　　10.Abookthatraisesandtriestoanswergreatfundamentalquestions,demandsthemostactivereading_____youarecapable.

　　AtowhichBofwhichCbywhichDtowhat

　　答案：1B2C3B4C5C6D7D8B9B10B