中石油职称英语阅读理解材料分析及参考答案
中石油职称英语阅读理解材料分析及参考答案
你是否想过聆听也有对错之分?至今,很少有人思考过这个问题。下面是我整理的中石油职称英语阅读理解材料,欢迎阅读!
ListeningFaults聆听的误区
1.Haveyoueverthoughtoflisteningassomethingyoucoulddorightorwrong?Fewpeoplehad,untilrecently.Nowitisbeingprovedthatmostofusaren'tlettingourearsdoalltheyshouldtohelpus.Andwearelosingoutinwaysbothlargeandsmall,whichistoobadwhenwerealizethatgoodlisteningcanbeveryvaluableindeed.Infactitissurprisingjusthowbigapartourtwolisteningearsplayinoursuccessinschool,inourcareers,inourrelationswithfamilyandfriends.
1、你是否想过聆听也有对错之分?至今(untilrecently),很少有人思考过这个问题。目前已经证明,大多数人没能让耳朵尽其所能来帮助我们。当我们意识到有效的倾听是多么重要时,我们才知道自己在很多方面(inways)都有所损失,这真是太糟糕了(whichistoobad)。事实上两只耳朵在我们的学匀、工作和与家庭、朋友的关系里扮演的角色之重要实在令人惊讶(surprising)。
2.Therefore,howwelistenisextremelyimportant.Yetithasbeenprovedthatmostofusareguiltyoffromonetoninebadlisteninghabits.
2、所以如何聆听极其重要。但是事实证明下面提到的九个聆听坏习惯中或多或少都能在大多数人的身上找到。
3.Fewofuswanttobepoorlistenersorevenrealizethatweare-untilwemeetupwithsituationswhichshowus.
3、没有人愿意做一个不会听话的人,即便就是这样的人,本人也意识不到,除非事实明摆在眼前。
4.TakeJanet,forinstance.
4、以简尼特为例。
5.ItcameasahorridshocktohertolearnonthewaytoSundayschoolonemorningthatshewastohavereadcertainchaptersintheBibleandbepreparedwithalittletalkonthemthatday.AndnowonderJanetwassurprised.Shethoughtshehadbeenlisteninginclasstheweekbefore.Butapparentlythewordshadbouncedrightoffherears.Why?Howhadshelistenedwrong?
5、一天早晨,在去教会的周日学校的路上,她突然记起她应该要读过《圣经》中的几个章节,并且还要准备好在那天就这几个章节作一个小小的发言,这让她非常震惊。也难怪简尼特有此反应。(AndnowonderJanetwassurprised.)她以为一个星期前自己在课堂上认真听讲,但很显然,这些话只是从她耳边掠过。为什么?她错在哪里?(过去完成进行时hadbeendoing;过去完成时had+过去分词)
6.Thereareaboutninewaysoflisteningthatnetusnothingbuttrouble,accordingtoDr.RalphNicholsoftheUniversityofMinnesota.Ifwerecognizeandtrytoconquerthem,wecanstepupourlisteningabilitybyabouttwenty-fivepercentandtherebygreatlyincreaseourchancesforsuccessinourdailylives.
6、明尼苏达州立大学的RalphNichols博士认为,有9种聆听的情形给人们造成麻烦。如果认识到并且努力克服它们,我们的聆听能力就能提高25%,从而(thereby)大大增加我们在日常生活中成功的机会。
7.Unlessyouareveryunusualindeed,saysDr.Nichols,youmustpleadguiltytoseveralofthefollowingbadlisteninghabits:
7、RalphNichols博士认为,除非你非常特殊,否则的话,你一定会承认(pleadguilty)自己有下面提到的坏习惯。
8.DaydreamListening:Youcanthinkaboutfourtimesasfastastheaveragepersonspeaks.Soyouhavequiteabitofsparethinkingtimewhilewaitingforthewordstocomein.Unconsciously,youusethistime,ifyouareapoorlistener,toletyourthoughtsdriftelsewhere.
8、白日梦式聆听(DaydreamListening)(1):人思考的速度比平均的说话速度快4倍。所以在等待别人说出下一句话时,你会有一段空余的思维时间。如果你是一个差劲的聆听者,你的思绪就会不知不觉地(unconsciously)在这段时间飘走。
9.Forinstance,yourteacherisgivingyousomebackgroundmaterialonAmericanhistory.Yourmindiswithhimatfirst.Thenotherthoughtsdriftintothatsparethinkingspace.Withoutwarning,theyhavetakenoveryourmindentirelyImustn'tforgettogodowntownafterschoolforMother.Ifonlymybikewasfixed!MaybeIcangetJoetocomeoverSaturdayandhelpmeYourthoughtsdrifton.Suddenly,withajolt,youhearthesewords:Nowwe'llhavealittletestonwhatIhavebeenexplaining.Ouch!
9、比如说,你的老师正在讲述美国历史的背景资料(somebackgroundmaterialonAnmericanhistory)。起初你注意地听着;之后,其他的念头就会进入那段空余的思维时间(thatsparethinkingspace);然后在没有任何预兆(warning)的情况下,完全占据(takeover)你的整个大脑一定别忘记放学后替母亲进城(godowntown)办事。要是我的自行车修理好了该多好!,也许能让Joe星期六过来(comeover)帮我你的思绪就这样漫无目的地飘荡(drifton),突然间,你听到这样令人震惊的话:现在,就我刚才讲的(onwhatIhavebeenexplaining)进行一个小测验(havealittletest)。真糟糕啊!
10.Sowhattodotokeepdaydreamsfromfilteringin?Onewayistoputthatextrathinkingtimetowork-onthesubject.Sumupwhatthespeakerissaying;lookformajorpoints.Pretendyouaregoingtohavetorepeathisideas.Puthiswordsintoyourwords.Itisn'teasy.Ittakeseffortandtimetolearn.Buttheresultsaresuretosurpriseandpleaseyou.
10、那么怎样做才能阻止(keepfrom)白日梦钻进来(filteringin)呢?一个方法是把这些多出来的思维时间用来考虑一些跟主题有关的.事。例如概括(sumup)一下发言人说的话;找出他的发言要点;假定你要重复他的观点,将他的话用自己的方式重新复述一遍(Puthiswrodsintoyourwords)。要做到这些并不容易,你必须付出时间和精力去学习。但是结果肯定是出乎意料和愉快的。
11.Shut-EarListening:Maybeyoufeelyoualreadyknowwhatthespeakerisgoingtosay.Orhissubjectcouldn'tinterestyouless.Youturnoffyourears-andwhoknowswhatyoumaybemissingorwhenalittleknowledgeonthatsubjectmaycomeinmightyhandy?Anyway,whytaketherisk?
11、充耳不闻式聆听(Shut-EarListening)(2):可能你觉得早已经知道发言者将要说什么;或者,他讲的主题根本不能吸引你,所以你关闭了耳朵-那么谁知道你可能错过了什么?谁又知道什么时候他讲的可能会派上用场(comeinmightyhandy)?不管怎样,为什么要冒这样的风险呢?
12.That's-What-You-ThinkListening:Youhaveyourownpetideasoncertainsubjects.Youdon'tliketohearanythingwhichmightmakeyouquestionthem.Sowhenanyonebeginsarguingontheotherside,yousimplystoplistening.Insteadyouplanwhatyouaregoingtoanswer.Anyonewhorefusestoooftentolistentotheothersideofaquestionrisksbecomingnarrow-minded-anexasperatingandunattractivetraitintheotherfellow.Isitanymorebecomingtoyou?Nothanks,yousay,anddecidetoheartheotherfellowout.Maybeheisright.Maybeyouare.Butyoucangivehimabetterargumentonyourviewpointifyouhearwhathesays.
12、内心排斥式聆听(Thats-What-You-ThinkListening)(3):对于某些主题你会有自己的观点,就不愿意听到与之相左的见解。所以当别人开始陈述与你相反看法时,你干脆不再听。只是思考着自己该怎样回应。那些经常拒绝倾听对立意见的人往往会变得思维狭窄(narrow-minded)-这在别人眼中是一种令人恼怒和厌烦的表现(anexasperatingandunattractivetrait)。你现在还想成为这样的人吗?你会说,当然不。然后决定去认真地听完别人的阐述(heartheotherfellowout)。可能他是正确的,也可能你是正确的。但是如果你听了他的观点,你就可以用自己的观点(onyourviewpoint)更好地去反驳他
13.FakeListening:Youpretendtobegivingcloseattention.Youtossinafewnodsandyesesattherightmoments,youhope.Thisisacommonfaultylisteninghabitthatfoolsnoone.Youreyesgiveyouaway,ifyourabsent-mindedanswersdon't.Andcanyouthinkofanythingmoreinfuriatingthantobegiventhesametreatment?Also,itisextremelydifficulttorespondsatisfactorilytowordsyoudidn'thear.Goodconversations,ifnotfriendships,havebeensacrificedtothishabit.
13、佯装式聆听(FakeListening)(4):你假装在注意听;还期望自己在恰当的时刻(attherightmoments)能够点头附和(tossinafewnodsandyeses)。这种常见的坏的聆听习惯欺骗不了任何人。即使那些不着边际的(absent-minded)回答没露馅,你的眼睛也会出卖(giveaway)你。你认为有什么能比受到(听众)这样的对待(tobegiventhesametreatment)更让人生气呢?而且,对自己没有认真聆听的问题做出满意的回答是极其困难的。这样一个坏习惯让你失去的可能不仅仅是交流,甚至可能是与别人的友谊(Goodconversations,ifnotfriendships,havebeensacrificedtothishabit.)。
14.Over-My-HeadListening:Youareconvincedthatthesubjectisbeyondyou,soyoudepart,atleastinspirit.Youmayberight.Andthenagainyoumaybewrong.Ifyouletthewordsenteryourmind,youmaybesurprisedtodiscoverthattheymakesense.ButeveniftheyareasstrangeasGreektoyou,youshouldtrytolistenandunderstand.Otherwiseyoumayfindsomedaythatyoumustattempttograspanover-your-headideaandbetotallyunableeventotry.
14、不知所云式聆听(Over-My-HeadListening)(5):你确信(beconvincedthat)正在谈论的主题超过了你的理解范围(beyondyou),于是你起身离开(depart),至少也是心猿意马(inspirit)。你可能做的对;但你也(thenagain)可能是错的。如果你用心去听,就可能会惊讶地发现这些话很有道理(makesense)。即使这些词句像希腊语一样晦涩难懂(asstrangeasGreek),你还是应该尽力去聆听和理解。否则有一天你会发现自己处在这样一种境地:必须要听懂某些艰深的内容,但自己却连基本的能力都没有。
15.MemoryTestListening:Somepeoplethinkthattryingtomemorizeaseriesoffactsisgoodlistening.Theyarewrong.Forinstance,youaregettingastoryforyourschoolpaperonanassemblyspeaker.Hemakesaseriesofpoints.Youtrytomemorizethem.ButwhileyouarebusyplantingfactsA,B,andCinyourmind,repeatingthemoverandover,youarelosingoutonfactsDandE.Bettertolookformainideas.Youwillfindthemmoreusefulandeasiertorecalllater.
15、记忆测试式聆听(MemoryTestListening)(6):有人认为有效的聆听(goodlistening)就是将所有的细节(aseriesoffacts)都记住。他们错了。比如(forinstance),你想从某人的大会发言中为自己的论文汲取素材,他罗列了很多点,你努力去记住它们。当你忙着重复条条观点(repeatingthemoverandover),想把它们牢牢地记在脑子里(plantingfactsA,B,andCinyourmind)时,却恰恰忽略(loseouton)了其余内容。最好的方式是抓住要点(lookformainideas),你会发现它们更有用(moreuseful),而且更容易帮助你回忆(而且过后回忆起来更容易)。
16.Take-It-All-DownListening:Whenyoutrytogettoomanyofthespeaker'swordsonpaper,partofyourmindmustbeconcernedwithyournote-taking.Youareunabletoconcentratefullyonwhatheissaying.Yourisklosingvaluablepoints.Wherenote-takingisnecessary-andyoumaybesurprisedtofindouthowoftenitisn'tifyouconcentratefullyonlistening-trytojotdownonlyamemory-joggingwordortwo.Orputthemainideasonpaperafterthespeakerhasfinished.Themorecompleteattentionyougivethespeaker,theeasieritwillbetorecallhisideaslater.
16、全部记录式聆听(Take-It-All-DownListening)(7):当你奋力记录说话人的尽可能多的词句时,一部分注意力(partofyourmind)必然会集中(beconcernedwith)在笔记之上。所以你不能全力倾听,就可能错过有价值的信息。笔记是必须的,但如果你全神贯注地听,并不时记下(jotdown)一两点内容以帮助记忆,你会惊讶地发现,并不是所有的东西都需要记录(howoftenitisnt),甚至(or)可以在演讲结束后再记下要点。对发言者的关注越多,事后就越容易回忆起他的主要观点。
17.PersonalityListening:Youbecomesoconcernedwiththewaythespeakerlooksorhowhetalksthatwhathesaysfailstopenetrate.Perhapsunconsciouslyyoudecidethatapersonwhodressesorspeakslikethatcan'thavemuchtosay.Thatcouldbeaveryfalseconclusion.Whoknowswhatyoumaybemissing?It'stheoldstory:youcan'tjudgeagiftbythepackage.Bettertojudgehimafteryouhaveheardhimout.
17、关注个人式聆听(PersonalityListening)(8):过分关注讲话者的长相(thespeakerlooks)或是他说话的方式(howhetalks),那么他所说的内容(whathesays)就很难入心(failtopenetrate)。也许你会下意识地(unconsciously)认为这样穿着或这样讲话的人(apersonwhodressesorspeakslikethat)不会说出什么有见地的话来(canthavemuschtosay)。这样的结论实属错误(这可能会是一个非常错误的结论)。谁能知道你会错过什么?俗话说(itstheoldstory),不要从包装来判断礼物的价值(人不可貌相)。最好在倾听完(hearout)之后再作评价。
18.Half-An-EarListening:Oftenothersoundscompeteforyourattention-andwin.Yourfathergivesyoualistoferrands.Buthisvoicemustcompetewith,say,yourfavoritesongontheradio.Later,youfindthathalfanearwasn'tenough.Youdidn'tlistentoyourfather'swordscloselyenoughtohearandrememberthem.Youhavetotelephonehomeforarepeatperformance.Andyoucan'treallyblameyourfatherforbeingirritated.Bettertoturnofftheradio,shutthedooroncompetingnoises,ifpossible.Ifnot,guardagainstyourtendencytolistentodistractingsounds.
18、半个耳朵式聆听(Half-An-EarListening)(9):常常会有其他的声音来吸引(competefor)你的注意力--还占了上风。比如父亲正在给你交待要办的事情(alistoferrands),他的声音不得不与收音机里传来的你最喜欢的歌声相抗衡(competewith)。后来你发现这样半个耳朵听根本不行,因为你没有听到并记住父亲的话,于是只能打电话回家再次询问。你实在不能责怪父亲为此发火(irritated)。如果可能最好关掉收音机、关上门挡住繁杂的噪音(把吸引你的声音关在门外)。如果不可能管住你自己不要被这些声音所吸引。
19.Sotherearetheforces-somewithinourselves,someoutside-thatworkagainstusinoureffortstolisten.Butoncewelearnwhattheyareandhowtofightthem,wearewellonourwaytogettingridofwastefullisteninghabits.
19、所以某些因素(-既有内在的,也有外在的-)总是阻碍(workagainst)我们去全力倾听。但是一旦认识了它们并了解如何去克服,在聆听时我们就一定能够改掉(getridof)这些耗时低效的坏习惯。
练习:
1.Yetithasbeenprovedthatmostofusareguilty____onetoninebadlisteningfaults.
AfromofBoffromCinfromDfromin
2.Butapparentlythewordshad____rightoffherears.
AbindBboundCboundedDbounced
3.Thereareaboutninewaysoflisteningthatnetus____buttrouble.
AanythingBsomethingCnothingDonething
4.Unlessyouareveryunusualindeed,saysDr.Nichols,youmust_____guiltytoseveralofthefollowingbadlisteninghabits.
ApleaseBpleadCpleasureDplus
5.Withoutwarning,theyhavetaken____yourmindentirely.
AplaceBoverCoffDdown
6.Sowhattodotokeepdaydreamfrom_____in?
AfilteringBfillingCfilledDfeeling
7.Anyonewhorefusestoooftentolistentotheothersideofaquestionrisksbecoming___.
Abroad-mindedBnarrow-mindedCmindfulDstrong-minded
8.Youpretend_____closeattention,butyouarethinkingsomethingelse.
AgivingBtogivingCtobegivingDtobegiven
9.Youreyesgiveyou____,ifyourabsent-mindedanswersdont.
AupBinCawayDoff
10.Ifyouletthewordsenteryourmind,youmaybesurprisedtodiscoverthattheymake____.
AsenseBsensibleCsensitiveDsensation
11.Butwhileyouarebusy_____factsA,B,andCinyourmind,youarelosingoutfactsDandE.
AtoplantBplantingCplantDtoplanting
12.Youareunable____fullyonlistening.
AtocontributeBtoconcentrateCtoconcludeDtoconcern
13.Wherenote-takingisnecessary---andyoumaybesurprisedtofindout____itisntifyouconcentratefullyonlistening---trytojotdownonlyamemory-joggingwordortwo.
AhowmuchBhowoftenChowmanyDhowold
14.Youbecomesoconcernedwiththewaythespeakerlooksorhowhetalks_______hesaysfailstopenetrate.
Aso,whatBthat,whichCso,thatDthat,what
15.Yourfathersvoicemustcompete_____yourfavoritesongontheradio_____yourattention.
Afor,forBfor,withCwith,forDwith,of
16.Andyoucantreallyblameyourfatherfor______.
AirritateBbeingirritatingCirritatingDbeingirritated
17.Oncewelearnwhattheyareandhowtofightthem,wearewellonourwayto___wastefullisteninghabit.
AgetridofBridofCgettingridofDbegotridof
答案:1B2D3C4B5B6A7B8C9C10A11B12B13B14D15C16D17C
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