雅思大作文开头怎么写
雅思大作文开头怎么写
在雅思大作文的写作中,开头段一般由generalstatement,argument,thesisstatement两部分构成。
1GeneralStatement
GeneralStatement的主要作用是介绍写作背景,引入话题。
但是值得注意的是:不能照抄题目,应用同义词、近义词替换题目中的相关词语,
并用不同的句子结构来改写题目中的句子结构。例如:
Example1:
Itiswidelybelievedthatmothersarebynaturebetterparentsthanfathers.Itisthereforemoreimportantformotherstospendtimewithchildrenthanfathers.Othersthinkfathersmakeequallygoodparents.Whatisyouropinion?
在这个题目中,首先我们可以看到题干表述用了三个句子,首先我们要区分哪句是generalstatement,哪句是arguments.其实很容易发现,通常句中间有明显阐述观点表达的,就是arguments,而做客观陈述的就是generalstatement,其位置一般是题目的第一句。上题中Itiswidelybelievedthatmothersarebynaturebetterparentsthanfathers,就是我们要拿来做同义改写,放到我们开头段作为背景的句子。同义改写可以采取以下技巧:
1同义句型转换。
如Itiswidelybelievedthat这个句套表达某事情是众所周的,它有很多同义句型,如Itisgenerallyassumedthat,Commonknowledgeisthat,等。
2同义词,近义词,同义结构转换。
如bynature这个介词词组表达的含义是,自然天性上的,在原句中作为be动词的表语,我们可以改写为一个同义名词词组,nurturinginstinct,自然天性的意思。相应的前面的谓语动词要发生变化,搭配have。
3造并列结构。
有的时候我们可能发现原题中的表述无论词语还是句型都不是很轻易的可以找出同义结构出来,那么我们可以采取并列结构,即并列两个近义词语义,或者反义词再加否定结构。
上题中的betterparentsthan可以改为betterorlessdispensableparentsthan
通过上面的三个步骤,我们就可以成功的将原题的背景句改写为我们开头段的generalstatement。
原题:Itiswidelybelievedthatmothersarebynaturebetterparentsthanfathers.
改写完后:Itisgenerallyassumedthatwomenhaveanurturinginstinctthatsomehowmakesthembetterorlessdispensableparentsthanfathersare.
GeneralStatement常用句型:
Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,greatchangeshavetakenplaceininthepastfewyears.【虽常用,但已被滥用,建议减少使用】
Alongwiththeincreasinglyrapid_____________,moreproblemsarebroughttoourattention.
Theissueofwhetherornot__________hasbeenwidely/heatedly/debatedcurrently/recently.
Whenitcomestowhether,somearestronglyagainstit,claiming.
Itisgenerallyaccepted/Itisindeedthecasethatmostcountrieshaveseenanincreasein_______overrecentyears.
2Argument【争议】
Argument即为题目表述的观点的立场,不同题目的立场表述大有不同。
【1】有的题目中只有一个立场
e.g.Countrieswithalongaverageworkingtimearemoreeconomicallysuccessfulthanthosecountrieswhichdonothavealongworkingtime.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?
在我们写的开头段,在写完generalstatement后,直接用Onepointisthat把原题的立场【countrieswithalongaverageworkingtimearemoreeconomicallysuccessfulthanthosecountrieswhichdonothavealongworkingtime】同义转述即可。
值得注意的是,这个题目本身没有背景句,所以写generalstatement的时候,需要我们根据题目的argument进行。
亦或者可以generalstatement和argument这两个部分合并为一个部分,
这个题目可写成:Theissueofwhetherornotcountrieswithalongaverageworkinghoursaremoresuccessfulintermsofeconomicdevelopmentthanthosecountrieswhichdonothavealongworkingtimehasbeenheatedlydebatedcurrently.AsfarasIamconcerned,
【2】有的题目中包含两个互相否定或者相关的立场
e.g.Somescientiststhinkitisverysoonthatcomputerswillbemoreintelligentthanhuman.Somepeoplethinkitisapositivedevelopment,whileothersthinkitisanegativedevelopment.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.
e.g.Somepeoplethinkthebestwaytoreducecrimesistogivelongerprisonsentence.Others,however,thinktherearebetteralternativewaystoreducecrime.Discussandgiveyouropinion.
这样的题目在开头段写完generalstatement后,要把题目双方的立场都转述,不可减少或删除一方立场。
如Somepeoplethinkitisapositivedevelopment,whileothersthinkitisanegativedevelopment.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.
可以转述为:Quiteafewpeopleclaimthatithasbroughtgreatbenefits.Ontheotherhand,thosewhothinkdifferentlyarguethatitinevitablywouldhasnegativeinfluence.
3ThesisStatement【总论点】
ThesisStatement简单来说就是作者对某一写作话题所持的明确观点。例如:
1Inmyopinion/AsfarasIamconcerned/Tomymind,studentsshouldwearuniformsinschool.
2Whilethemajoritymayliketoliveinalargefamily,Iprefertothesmallone.
在雅思写作中,文章的立场,也就是全文的总论点,
主要分两种:有倾向性立场和两边支持
有倾向性【一边倒】
有倾向性的立场一般在文章的开头即表明本文的立场,同意或者不同意,或者多大程度地同意和不同意。
在剑桥雅思的考官范文中,有一个题目涉及对教育免费的商榷:Alleducation,primary,secondaryschoolandfurthereducation,shouldbefreetoallpeopleandpaidforbythegovernment.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththestatement?
考官在范文的开头段中即明确表明自己的立场:Icertainlyagreewiththestatementthatthisshouldbethecase.
当然有倾向性的立场还包含让步的观点,这种立场的文章多见于以towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?提问的论题。
如:Environmentalproblemsshouldbesolvedbythegovernmentinsteadofindividualsandprivatecompanies.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?
在考官范文的开头段中,立场是这样表明的:Iconcedethatthegovernmentshouldleadtheeffortsinaddressingtheenvironmentalproblems.Nevertheless,cooperationandparticipationfromthecooperationsandindividualcitizensareessentialaswell.
让步的立场并不需要纠结于在句子中回答到底agree或者disagree没有,清楚的说明自己的观点即可。
值得注意的是,观点有倾向性并不代表思路有局限性。在辩论中作者既要证明自己的观点,同时也要回应对方的观点,也就是说能够站在不同的角度看同一个事情,并且能看到各自的优劣。
两边都支持
这种文章立场一般常见于discussbothviewandgiveyouropinion这种提问方式的题目。立场一般建议在结尾段点明,并且要在结尾段明确题干两者之间的关系。
【4】开头段的两种常用写作方法
将以上三个部分组合起来,我们步难得出开头段的以下两种写法:
A.GeneralStatementPositive+NegativeIdeaThesisStatement
Theissueofwhetherornotstudentsshouldtakeapart-timejobhasbeenwidely/heatedlydebatedcurrently/recently.Quiteafewpeopleclaimthatitwouldnotonlywidentheirhorizonbutalsohelpshapetheirpersonalities.Ontheotherhand,thosewhothinkdifferentlyarguethatthetaskofastudentistomakegooduseofhislimitedtimeandacquirenecessaryknowledgeandskillforthefuturecareer.Asforme/AsfarasIamconcerned/Inmyopinion,Ibelievethatpart-timejobsplayapositiveroleinthedevelopmentofuniversitystudents.
这种方法的一个变形形式是:
GeneralStatementOppositeIdeaThesisStatement
Nowadaystheincomesofmanysportstarsaretrulyastounding.Somepeopleclaimthatthesalariesofathletesaretoohighandtheathletesthemselvesattracttoomuchattention.Yet,inmyopinion,suchbenefitsarewelldeserved.
B.GeneralStatementConcessionThesisStatement
Whenitcomestowhetherstudentsshouldbeallowedtoworkoutsidetheschoolhours,someeducatorsvoteagainstit,claimingthatpart-timeworkmayhaveanegativeinfluenceontheirstudy.Obviously,toolargeamountoftimeastudentisemployedmaycontributetoapooracademicperformance.However,iftheydoapart-timejoboverreasonablehours,itisextremelybeneficialforthem,providingfinancialsupportfortheirstudyandbroadeningtheirhorizon.
Whenevaluatingajobapplicant,mostcompanieswouldplacemuchweightononeseducationalcertificate.Ofcourse,oneseducationalcertificatedoestellsomethingabouttheapplicant.However,itisnottheonlymeansthroughwhichwecanjudgewhethertheapplicantisqualifiedornot.
雅思写作都有哪些评分细则
评分标准是我们写作教学和备考唯一可以参考的标准,所以考生应该把它牢牢地印到脑海里。雅思写作的评分标准不像四六级或托福采用整体式的评分,而是分项式评分【analyticalscoring】,根据具体的评分细则分项给分。
Task1评分标准:
完成任务【TaskAchievement】:有效地辨别、说明和报道图中的关键信息;
连贯与衔接【CoherenceandCohesion】:信息和观点组织、衔接是否恰当;
词汇量【LexicalResource】:词汇多样、准确、恰当;
语法的多样性和准确性【GrammaticalRangeandAccuracy】:语法结构多样、准确、恰当。
Task2评分标准:
任务回应【TaskResponse】:清晰、有效、完整、鲜明地回答所有问题;
连贯与衔接【CoherenceandCohesion】:信息和观点组织、分段、阐述、衔接是否恰当;
词汇量【LexicalResource】:词汇多样、准确、恰当;
语法的多样性和准确性【GrammaticalRangeandAccuracy】:语法结构多样、准确、恰当。
评分标准解析【EssentialPointsoftheBandDeors】
结合雅思官方对写作6分、7分、8分、9分的评分细则,我们可以把雅思写作的评分标准亦即高分作文的要点归结为十字方针:主题【Theme】、细节【Detail】、结构【Frame】、逻辑【Logic】、语言【Language】。
具体说主题即观点,要紧扣题目,明确而有见地;论点要紧扣主题,并能够很好地展开,论据要具体、有说服力;结构要清晰,逻辑要严谨、合理而有层次感;语言要流畅、准确、多样,并有一定的复杂性。
其中行文逻辑是高分的基础,语言是整个评分标准的核心内容,涉及到考生作文词汇的选取【WordChoice】、句式的变化【SyntacticVariety】、语法的准确性【AccuracyofGrammar】等多个方面,是体现学生英语语言水平的关键因素,所以考生应当把写作思路的训练和语言的修炼作为雅思写作备考的重中之重。
雅思范文都是怎么写的
雅思作文题目:
Inthepast,knowledgewasstoredinbooks;nowadays,knowledgeisstoredintheInternet.Doadvantagesoutweighdisadvantages?过去知识储藏在书籍里,现在知识保存在网络中。是利是弊?
雅思作文范文:
第一段同义改写,表明观点
Inthecurrentera,knowledgecanbepreservedontheInternet.SomepeoplemayarguethatthereexistmoredrawbackswhenbooksaresubstitutedbytheInternetintermsofstoringknowledge,butIcannotagreewiththisopinion.
第二段写一下网络信息的麻烦的地方,然后转折回来
Admittedly,usersmaybeconfusedaboutknowledgeontheInternet.Mostauthorsholdaseriousattitudetowardspublishingabookandwillberesponsibleforwhattheywriteintheirbooks.However,sincetheInternetisopentoeveryone,manyamateurspretendtobemastersinsomedomainsanddeliberatelyspreadincorrectinformation,whichbringsdifficultiestobeginnerssincetheymaynottellthedifferentbetweenrightandwrong.Nevertheless,therestillexistmoremeritsifinformationispreservedontheInternet.
第三段不变质
Tobeginwith,storingknowledgeontheInternetmayavoidknowledgelosstosomedegree.Itistruethatbookscancontainknowledge,butmostbookswilldeterioratewithageandcannotbereadanymoreafterdecadesofyears.However,ifknowledgeisstoredontheInternet,aslongascomputersarenotdamaged,knowledgecanstillbeobtainedfromharddrivesafteralongtime.Thus,Internetcanstoreknowledgeforalongertimewhilebooksarelimitedbycharacteristicsofpaper.
第四段效率高
Inaddition,usersmaysavealotoftimewhentheysearchinformationontheInternet.Inthepast,whenpeopleintendedtofindabooktheywant,theyhadtogotoalibraryandwastedsometimeonfindingbooksontheshelf.Bycontrast,withsearchengines,userscanacquireknowledgeinashorttimebytypinginsomekeywordsinadatabase.Thereisnoneedforpeopletospendtimeoncommutingandtheycanjustsitinfrontofacomputerandgainwhattheyneedquickly.
第五段:小小就好
Tosumup,themeritsofstoringknowledgeontheInternetmayovershadowthedetrimentscaused,consideringthatcomputerscanpreserveknowledgeforalongertimeanduserscanfindinformationtheyneedefficiently.
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