英语写作常用论证方法,不可不知的4大攻略

简单来说论证是能够将观点和论据串联起来的东西。在托福独立写作中，因果和让步是需要大家一定要掌握，并且要在文章中正确使用的两个基本的论证逻辑。常见的论证方法有举例论证，对比论证，因果论证和类比法。

1.举例论证

例证法不仅使文章具体生动还会使观点更有说服力。

Competitionbetweenfriendsusuallycausesdamagetofriendship.Doyouagreeordisagree?

Certainkindsofcompetitioncanindeedbedestructive.Thedangerofcompetitionamongfriendsisparticularlyacute.Irecallfrommychildhoodtwoclosefriends,whocametoschooltogetherandplayedbasketballtogether.Onceafiercecompetitionbetweentwobasketballteamsledbybothofthetwofriendstiedatthelastmoment,andonecontentious3-pointshothelpedoneteamwinbutendedtheirfriendship.Theyhavenevertalkedwitheachother,evenmeetingfacetoface.

2.因果论证

恰当使用因果论证可以使逻辑有无可辩驳的力量，比如：

Doesplayinggamesordoingsportswiththeirchildrendeservemoretimefromparentsorhelpingtheirchildrenwiththeirschoolwork?

Foronething,studentsneedtodomoresportsoroutdooractivitiestomaintainphysicalandmentalhealth.Underheavypressurecausedbyvariousexams,thestudentsneedtogetreleasedfromthegreattension.Thereportsaboutsomechildrenwhocouldn’tstandthefailureoftheexamsorthecriticismsfromteachersandcommittedsuicidearethetragedieswhichreflecttheseriousnessoftheproblems.Therefore,moreandmoreparentshavecometorealizethatspendingtimewiththeirchildrentoensuretheirhealthyandhappygrowthismuchmoreimportant.

3.对比分析

通过强烈对比突出问题的严重性，比如：

Unfortunately,offeringtogiveahandwhensomeoneisinneedhasgoneoutofstyle.Itusedtobeamarkofclasstogivesupportdespiteyourownfinancialstraits.Youdidn’thavetoemptyyourpursetohelp;thepointwastoshowthatyoureallycaredandtheywerenotisolated.Butwithtoday’strustcrisis,thefrequentwarningyouhearisnevertolendmoneytoyourfriends.

再比如：

Ourshasbecomeasocietyofmortgageslaves.Tenyearsago8000yuanpersquarescaredmanyhousebuyersaway.Today80,000yuanpersquareforthehouseinsidethefifthringroadisconsideredaboondroppingfromthesky.Andwhilefiveyearsago,waitingforthehousepricetodeclinewasstillthehopeofsomewealthypotentialbuyers,thepotentialbuyertodayisincreasinglybaffledandcompletelyknockeddownwithoutseeingasilverline.

4.类比法

类比就是打比方，例举一个生活中读者都熟悉的、与你要说明的观点具有相同性质的事例，往往能使读者更容易理解你的观点。

比如：

Fullownershipof【abook】comesonlywhenyouhavemadeitapartofyourself,andthebestwaytomakeitapartofyourselfisbywritinginit.Anillustrationmaymakethepointclear.Youbuyabeefsteakandtransferitfromthebutcher’srefrigeratortoyourown.Butyoudonotownthebeefsteakinthemostimportantsenseuntilyouconsumeitandgetitintoyourbloodstream.Iamarguingthatbooks,too,mustbeabsorbedinyourbloodstreamtodoyouanygood.