2019年1月5日雅思阅读考试真题及答案

　　1月5日新一期的雅思考试已经顺利完成，相信大家对真题及其答案非常感兴趣，接下来就和的我一起看看2019年1月5日雅思阅读考试真题及答案。

　　Passage1

　　文章题材：说明文（自然科普）

　　文章题目：ReefFishStudy（关于岩礁鱼的研究）

　　文章难度：★★★

　　文章内容：

　　介绍了reeffish的三个生命阶段，并且介绍了biggermeansbetter的理论，以及该理论（体型越大越占优势）对于被捕食者和捕食者是否适用。

　　题型及数量：判断题4+填空题9

　　题目及答案：

　　1.FALSE

　　2.TRUE

　　3.NOTGIVEN

　　4.FALSE

　　5.mouthsize

　　6.medium

　　7.artificiallight

　　8.net

　　9.laboratory

　　10.newmoon

　　11.fishbody

　　12.openocean

　　13.reef

　　14.mortality

　　可参考真题：C11T3P2：GreatMigrations

　　Passage2

　　文章题材：说明文（商业科普）

　　文章题目：CorporateSocialResponsibility（企业社会责任）

　　文章难度：★★★☆

　　文章内容：

　　文章介绍了企业社会责任是如何帮助企业解决面临的各种问题，并且促进了企业和社会的相互依赖的关系。举例了三个公司（GE，Microsoft和WholeFoodMarket）如何在日常运营中提现中企业社会责任。

　　题型及数量：标题配对题7+段落填空题2+匹配题4

　　题目及答案：

　　14.v

　　15.viii

　　16.vi

　　17.vii

　　18.iii

　　19.i

　　20.ii

　　21.equalopportunity

　　22.internalcosts

　　23.C

　　24.C

　　25.A

　　26.B

　　可参考真题：C13T2P3：MAKINGTHEMOSTOFTRENDS

　　考试原文：（上下滑动查看）

　　CorporateSocialResponsibility

　　Themoralappeal---arguingthatcompanieshaveadutytobegoodcitizensandto“dotherightthing”---isprominentinthegoalofBusinessforSocialResponsibility，theleadingnonprofitCSRbusinessassociationintheUnitedStates.

　　AAnexcellentdefinitionwasdevelopedinthe1980s‘‘Meetingtheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.”Thenotionoflicensetooperatederivesfromthefactthateverycompanyneedstacitorexplicitpermissionfromgovernments，communities，andnumerousotherstakeholderstodobusiness.Finally，reputationisusedbymanycompaniestojustifyCSRinitiativesonthegroundsthattheywillimproveacompany’simage，strengthenitsbrand，enlivenmorale，andevenraisetheValueofitsstock.

　　BToadvanceCSR，wemustrootitinabroadunderstandingoftheinterrelationshipbetweenacorporationandsociety.Tosaybroadlythatbusinessandsocietyneedeachothermightseemlikeacliché，butitisalsothebasictruththatwillpullcompaniesoutofthemuddlethattheircurrentcorporate-responsibilitythinkinghascreated.Successfulcorporationsneedahealthysociety.Education，healthcare，andequalopportunityareessentialtoaproductiveworkforce.Safeproductsandworkingconditionsnotonlyattractcustomersbutlowertheinternalcostsofaccidents.Efficientutilizationofland，water，energy，andothernaturalresourcesmakesbusinessmoreproductive.Goodgovernment，theruleofJaw，andpropertyrightsareessentialforefficiencyandinnovation.Anybusinessthatpursuesitsendsattheexpenseofthesocietyinwhichitoperateswillfinditssuccesstobeillusoryandultimatelytemporary.Atthesametime，ahealthsocietyneedssuccessfulcompanies.Nosocialprogramcanrivalthebusinesssectorwhenitcomestocreatingthejobs，wealth，andinnovationthatimprovestandardsoflivingandsocialconditionsovertime.

　　CAcompany’simpactonsocietyalsochangesovertime，associalstandardsevolveandscienceprogresses.Asbestos，nowunderstoodasaserioushealthrisk，wasthoughttobesafeintheearly1900s，giventhescientificknowledgethenavailable.Evidenceofitsrisksgraduallymountedformorethan50yearsbeforeanycompanywasheldliablefortheharmsitcancause.Manyfirmsthatfailedtoanticipatetheconsequencesofthisevolvingbodyofresearchhavebeenbankruptbytheresults.Nolongercancompaniesbecontenttomonitoronlytheobvioussocialimpactsoftoday.Withoutacarefulprocessforidentifyingevolvingsocialeffectsoftomorrow，firmsmayrisktheirverysurvival.

　　DNobusinesscansolveallofsociety’sproblemsorbearthecostofdoingso.Instead，eachcompanymustselectissuesthatintersectwithitsparticularbusiness.Corporationsarenotresponsibleforalltheworld＇sproblems，nordotheyhavetheresourcestosolvethemall.Eachcompanycanidentifytheparticularsetofsocietalproblemsthatitisbestequippedtohelpresolveandfromwhichitcangainthegreatestcompetitivebenefit.Addressingsocialissuesbycreatingsharedvaluewillleadtoself-sustainingsolutionsthatdonotdependonprivateorgovernmentsubsidies.Whenawell-runbusinessappliesitsvastresources，expertise，andmanagementtalenttoproblemsthatitunderstandsandinwhichithasastake，itcanhaveagreaterimpactonsocialgoodthananyotherinstitutionorphilanthropicorganization.

　　EThebestcorporatecitizenshipinitiativesinvolvefarmorethanwritingacheck：theyspecifyclear，measurablegoalsandtrackresultsovertime.AgoodexampleisGE’sprogramtoadoptunderperformingpublichighschoolsnearseveralofitsmajorU.S.Facilities.Thecompanycontributesbetween$250，000and$1millionoverafive-yearperiodtoeachschoolandmakesin-kinddonationsaswellGEmanagersandemployeestakeanactiverolebyworkingwithschooladministratorstoassessneedsandmentorortutorstudents.Thegraduationrateoftheseschoolsalmostdoubledduringthistimeperiod.Effectivecorporatecitizenshipinitiativessuchasthisonecreategoodwillandimproverelationswithlocalgovernmentsandotherimportantconstituencies.What’smore，GE’semployeesfeelgreatprideintheirparticipation.Theireffectisinherentlylimitedthough.Nomatterhowbeneficialtheprogramis，itremainsincidentaltothecompany＇sbusiness，andthedirecteffectonGE’srecruitingandretentionismodest.

　　FMicrosoftisagoodexampleofashared-valueopportunityarisingfrominvestmentsincontext.TheshortageofinformationtechnologyworkersisasignificantconstraintonMicrosoft’sgrowth，currently，therearemorethan450，000unfilledITpositionsintheUnitedStatesalone.Communitycolleges，representing45%ofallU.S.Undergraduates，couldbeamajorsolution.Microsoftrecognizes，however，thatcommunitycollegesfacespecialchallenges：ITcurriculaarenotstandardized，technologyusedinclassroomsisoftenoutdated，andtherearenosystematicprofessionaldevelopmentprogramstokeepfacultyuptodate.Inadditiontocontributingmoneyandproducts，Microsoftsentemployeevolunteerstocollegestoassessneeds，contributetocurriculumdevelopment，andcreatefacultydevelopmentinstitutes.Notethatinthiscase，volunteersandassignedstaffwereabletousetheircoreprofessionalskillstoaddressasocialneed，afarcryfromtypicalvolunteerprograms.Microsofthasachievedresultsthathavebenefitedmanycommunitieswhilehavingadirect-andpotentiallysignificant-impactonthecompany.

　　GAttheheartofanystrategyisauniquevalueproposition：asetofneedsacompanycanmeetforitschosencustomersthatotherscannot.ThemoststrategicCSRoccurswhenacompanyaddsasocialdimensiontoitsvalueproposition，makingsocialimpactintegraltotheoverallstrategyConsiderWholeFoodsMarket，whosevaluepropositionistosellorganic，natural，andhealthyfoodproductstocustomerswhoarepassionateaboutfoodandtheenvironment.WholeFoods’commitmenttonaturalandenvironmentallyfriendlyoperatingpracticesextendswellbeyondsourcing.Storesareconstructedusingaminimumofvirginrawmaterials.Recently，thecompanypurchasedrenewablewindenergycreditsequalto100%ofitselectricityuseinallofitsstoresandfacilities，theonlyFortune500Companytooffsetitselectricityconsumptionentirely.Spoiledproduceandbiodegradablewastearetruckedtoregionalcentersforcomposting.WholeFoods’vehiclesarebeingconvertedtorunonbiofuels.Eventhecleaningproductsusedinitsstoresareenvironmentallyfriendly.Andthroughitsphilanthropy，thecompanyhascreatedtheAnimalCompassionFoundationtodevelopmorenaturalandhumanewaysofraisingfarmanimals.Inshort，nearlyeveryaspectofthecompany’svaluechainreinforcesthesocialdimensionsofitsvalueproposition，distinguishingWholeFoodsfromitscompetitors.

　　Passage3

　　文章题材：人文社科

　　文章题目：政府对于network的应用和好处

　　文章难度：★★

　　文章内容：待补充

　　题型及数量：待补充