考研英语阅读理解翻译历年真题

“I've never met a human worth cloning,” says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from the cramped confines of his lab at Texas AM University “It's a stupid endeavor” That's an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two calves and expect to clone a cat soon They just might succeed in cloning Missy later this year—or perhaps not for another five years It seems the reproductive system of man's best friend is one of the mysteries of modern science

Westhusin's experience with cloning animals leaves him vexed by all this talk of human cloning In three years of work on the Missyplicity project, using hundreds upon hundreds of canine eggs, the AM team has produced only a dozen or so embryos carrying Missy's DNA None have survived the transfer to a surrogate mother The wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted fetuses may be acceptable when you're dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with humans “Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous,” he says

Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin's phone at AM College of Veterinary Medicine has been ringing busily Cost is no obstacle for customers like Missy's mysterious owner, who wishes to remain unknown to protect his privacy He's plopped down $37 million so far to fund the research because he wants a twin to carry on Missys fine qualities after she dies But he knows her clone may not have her temperament In a statement of purpose, Missy's owner and the AM team say they are “both looking forward to studying the ways that her clone differs from Missy”

The fate of the dog samples will depend on Westhusin's work He knows that even if he gets a dog viably pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems “Why would you ever want to clone humans,” Westhusin asks, “when were not even close to getting it worked out in animals yet” [397 words]

6 Mr Westhusin thinks cloning is dangerous because_____

[A] animals are tortured to death in the experiments

[B]the public has expressed strong disapproval

[C] too many lives are wasted for laboratory use

[D] cloning becomes a quest only for profit

7 What is the problem confronting the Missyplicity project

[A] The client holds a suspicious view toward it

[B] There is a lack of funds to support the research

[C] The owner is unwilling to disclose the information

[D] Cloning dogs is a difficult biological problem

8 Which of the following is true about animal cloning

[A]Few private cloning companies could afford it

[B]Few people have realized its significance

[C] An exact copy of a cat or bull can be made

[D] It is becoming a prosperous industry

9 From the passage we can infer that _____

[A] Mr Westhusin is going to clone a dog soon

[B] scientists are pessimistic about human cloning

[C] human reproductive system has not been understood

[D] rich people are only interested in cloning animals

10 Mr Westhusin seems to believe that cloning______

[A] is stupid and should be abandoned [B] has been close to success

[C] should be taken cautiously [D] is now in a dilemma

答案解析<<<<<<

核心词汇

confines n limits or borders范围，界限;边界 例：the confines of human knowledge 人类的知识范围 / the confines of family life 家庭生活的范围

超纲词汇

aborted a ① 流产的 ② 出问题的，出故障的

canine a 犬的，犬科的

cramped a 狭窄的，拥挤的 例：working in cramped conditions 在拥挤的环境里工作

embryo n 胚胎

fetus n 胎，胎儿

Missyplicity n这是个临时造的词，是三个部分的合成：Missy指文中提到的那条狗密斯，

duplicate意为“复制”，ity为名词后缀

plop vivt(使)扑通一声落下 例：Can you plop some ice in my drink 能在我的饮料中放点冰块吗 文中是比喻用法，指“投入资金”

surrogate n代理, 代理人,代用品 vt使代理, 使代替;surrogate mother 代理母体

veterinary a兽医的 例：veterinary medicine/science兽医学

vexed a① 气恼的，烦恼的 例：the vexed parents of an unruly teenager因孩子难管教而气恼的父母 ②(问题等)争论不休的，难于解决的 例：vexed question/issue棘手的问题

viably ad ① 可实施地，切实可行地 ② 能存活地，能生长发育地

长难句分析

1 That's an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy

该句主干是That's an interesting choice of adjective。现在分词短语coming from 做后置定语，修饰前面的名词choice，相当于一个定语从句(which is)coming from ;在分词短语中，定语从句who 也做后置定语，修饰先行词a man。

2 He knows that even if he gets a dog viably pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems

该句主干是He knows that 。that引导的宾语从句是一个主从复合句，且从句位于主句之前，主句是the offspring will face the problems ;从句是让步状语从句：even if he gets a dog viably pregnant;should they survive是个省略了if的条件状语从句，为插入语，修饰主句。另外主句的宾语the problems后接有过去分词短语shown 做后置定语，相当于一个定义从句(that)are shown ;冒号后的名词短语做the problems的同位语。

语篇分析

本文题材涉及生物技术。作者从克隆动物这个角度间接论证克隆人的不可行性，主张应该慎重对待克隆人研究。它是一篇观点论证型文章，按照“提出观点—论证观点—重申观点”的脉络展开论述，可分成三部分。

第一段为第一部分，提出观点：克隆人是不可行的。

引用专家Mark Westhusin和一位试图克隆其爱犬的富人的话(never met a human worth cloning，a stupid endeavor)表达作者的观点。接着介绍Mark Westhusin所进行的克隆动物的实验(two calves，a cat and a dog)，并特别指出对狗的克隆最具难度(one of the mysteries of modern science)。

第二、三段为第二部分，论证观点。

第二段：指出Mark Westhusin克隆动物的经验使他极力反对克隆人(vexed by talking of human cloning)。首句是段落主题句。段中详细介绍了一个克隆狗的项目(the Missyplicity project)中出现的状况：①从成百上千的卵中只获得一打左右基因匹配的胚胎;②转移到母体时没有一个胚胎存活下来。从这些细节中可以推出，克隆是低效而且危险的。这在末句“Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous”得到了证实。该段最后还给出了Mark Westhusin的观点：动物实验中的浪费现象在人的研究中不能被接受。因此该段将Mark Westhusin反对克隆人的态度表露无疑。

考研英语二题型有哪些？都考啥？

考研英一的考察形式为：

一、英语知识运用

该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素(包括词汇、表达方式和结构)的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征(如连贯性和一致性等)的辨识能力等。共20小题，每小题05分，共10分。

在一篇240-280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。

二、阅读理解

该部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。

A节(20小题)：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。要求考生根据所提供的4篇(总长度约为1600词)文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。考生在答题卡1上作答。

B节(5小题)：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。考生在答题卡1上作答。

备选题型有：

本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字。要求考生根据文章内容从这6-7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。

在一篇长度约500-600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱，要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落(7~8个)重新排序，其中有2-3个段落在文章中的位置已给出。

在一篇长度为500词的文章前或后有6-7段文字或6-7个概括句或小标题。这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括、阐述或举例。要求考生根据文章内容，从这6~7个选项中选出最恰当的5段文字或5个标题填入文章的空白处。

C节(5小题)：主要考查考生准确理解概念或结构较复杂的英语文字材料的能力。要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个画线部分(约150词)译成汉语，要求译文准确、并蠢完整、通顺。考生在答兄扒题卡2上做答。

三、写作

该部分由A、绝尘陪B两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。共30分。

A节：题型有两种，每次考试选择其中的一种形式。

考生根据所给情景写出约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。

要求考生根据所提供的汉语文章，用英语写出一篇80-100词的文章摘要。

B节：考生根据提示信息写出一篇160-200词的短文(标点符号不计算在内)。提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。考生在答题卡2上作答。共20分。

硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)考试将英译汉试题作为阅读理解的一部分，其目的是测试考生根据上下文准确理解概念或复杂结构并用汉语正确予以表达的能力。

考研英语二试题分四部分，共48题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解、英译汉和写作。

注意事项：

英二比英一的难度略低一点，所以在准备英二的时候，需要去接触英一的真题，尤其是英一的完形填空。因为考研英语一和英语二的完形填空知识点是交叉考察的。可能英一完型出现的知识点在某一年的英二上就会考察。渗散所以考英二的学生不仅要熟悉英二的历年真题，英一的真题也需要熟悉。

扩展资料：

从2010年开始或耐，全国硕士研究生入学考试的英语试卷分为了英语（一）和英语（二）。

英语（一）即原研究生入学统考“英语”，所有学术型硕士研究生（英语专业选考其他语种）（十三大门类，110个一级学科）和部分专业型硕士（法律硕丛团氏士、临床医学硕士、口腔医学硕士、建筑学硕士、护理硕士、汉语国际教育硕士、公共卫生硕士等）必考英语（一）。

英语（二）主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收不考英语（一）的专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。

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