垒球运动英语介绍

　　Softballintroduction

　　Softballin1996becametheOlympicGamesevent

　　Projectsynopsis:

　　Thesoftballtechnologydifficulty,themovementfiercedegreearelowerthanthebaseball,latterbecomesthefemaleproject.Thesoftballmovement'sbirthcompletelyisinonekindofneed,asaresultofthebadweatherandthecrowdedurbaninfluence,thebaseballmovementshiftsindoor,hasformedthesoftballmovement.Thesoftballwasborninthe1880s'sAmericanChicago,thismovementdevelopedveryquickly,andshiftedgraduallyoutside,nowtheworldhas2,000tenthousandpeopletocarryonthissports.

　　WithAmericanofabaseballthreebigmovementscompares,thesoftballneedsthelocationissmall,thespheroidisbig,ballfastslow(,becausesoftballmovement'srulestipulatedinthrowsaballinprocess,handmustundershoulder).Asaresultoftheabovemanymerits,thesoftballmovementisalltherageAmericaneachregionveryquickly.

　　Thesoftballmovementdividesintotwokindof--fastsoftballandtheslowsoftball.SoftballthesetwoformsdeeplyAmericanpeople'saffection.AlongwithtwoworldwarsintheAmericaninfluence'sexpansion,thesoftballmovementobtainedthepromotionintheworld.Hereafter,thesoftballbecomesthefemalemovementgradually.1950,thesoftballprojectalsoplayedfromthepopulacetransformsintoathleticssportsitems.Australiaasearlyashasheldthefirstnationalfemalesoftballchampionshiptournamentin1947,butcorrespondingmen'scompetitiononlythenstarteduntil1984.in1965,inthefirstsessionoffemalesoftballinternationalchampionshipfinalswhichheldinAustralia'sMelbourne,thehostAustraliateamby1-0hasdefeatedtheUSteam,haswontheworldchampion.Afterthiscompetition,thefastsoftballhasbecomethesoftballmovementmainstreamveryquickly.

　　Secondsessionoffemalesoftballinternationalchampionshipholdin1970.Hereafter,everyotherfouryears,thenseparatelyconductatimemale,thefemale,theyouthsoftballinternationalchampionship.Atthispoint,thesoftballmovementproduceshundredyearslater,thesoftballwasstillonewhichofmovementstheentireUSmostreceiveswelcome.Theworldsoftballfederationalsohadmorethan110membernations.

　　Thesoftballmovementdevelopmentinitialperiod,includingfourshortstops,eachsidehastengoingonstagemembers.Theslowsoftballiscalledkittenballandmushball,becausetheslowsoftball'srulerequeststheballwhichthepitchershootstoprobablyhaveanarc,thuseffectivelimitballfast,causescompetition'sscoretobeveryusuallyhigh.Onthecontrary,thefastsoftballisthelowscorepitcher'scompetition,inthecompetitionalsohasninegoingonstagemembers.

　　HoweverOlympicGames'softballmovementmaynotcompareprofessionalbaseballmovementdifferencehowmany,attheAtlantaOlympicGames,oncehadthepitchertoprojectthespeedtoreachashighas118kilometersballs.Becausethesoftballpitcherwithstrikesbetweentheplayertohave12.2metersdistances,thebaseballis18.4meters,generallybaseballpitcher'sballfastforeachhour160kilometers,thereforeregardingthesoftballcontestant,itsreactioncapacitydoesnotmisshowmanycomparedtothebaseballcontestant.

　　Inaddition,inEnglishnamed“softball”softballitsspheroidsimilarlyisinfacthardwiththebaseball.Twoseedball'sonlydifferenceslie,thesoftballbody'sperimeteris30.4centimeters,thebaseballbody'sperimeteris22.8centimeters.

　　Competition:

　　TheOlympicGamessoftballcompetitionaltogetherhaseightteamstoparticipate,competescarriesonaccordingtothefastsoftballrule.Ineightparticipatingteamsbesideshostteamautomaticbeingaccepted,otherseventeamsthroughvariouslocalinvitationalmeetproduction.

　　Theseeightparticipatingteamsfirstcarryonthebigroundrobincompetition,eachteammustmeetonetimewithothersevenmatches.Intheroundrobincompetitionplacesthefirstfourteamstoenterwearssendsthesystemsemi-final,namelybythefirstteamtothesecondteam,thewinningteamentersthefinalsdirectly;Thelosingteamscramblesforanotherfinalsseatwithbetweenthethirdteam'stofourthteamothersemi-final'swinningteam.

　　Contestrulemainpoint:

　　1st,thecompetitioncarrieson7gamesgenerally,after7gameshadfinished,capturestheminutetowin.Ifafter7gameofcompetitions,twoteamsplanish,willentertheextensionmatch,untilhasasidetowin.Theregulationgamehas4refereestoholdgenerallycuts,respectivelyis1SiQiutherefereeand3baseumpirereferees,theimportantcompetitionwillagainalsoadditionallybuild2SiXianthereferee.Bothsideshave9memberstogoonstagerespectivelyattendthecompetition.

　　2nd,thedefensiveplayeractsaccordingtothefieldthepositionrespectivelyis:Thepitcher,takesover,thefirstbaseman,thesecondbaseman,thethirdbaseman,theshortstop,theleftoutfielder,theoutfielder,therightoutfielder.Theattackmemberpressestheorderwhichsetsupbeforehandtogoonstageinturnhitsaball.

　　3rd,scoreandsecurity:Inthecompetition,afterthebatterstrokestheballwhichoppositepartypitcherprojects,treatstheballfallsafterthesidelinecanthebaserunning,fallstothesidelineoutsideisthefoulball,thebattercontinuestohitaball.Ifejectstheballinairbornenamelyismetbythedefensiveplayer,regardlessinoutside,thebattersdirectlyleaveoffice.Theballfallsafter,thedefensiveplayermustpickuptheballrapidlyandpassontoassignstobuildtheposition,ifbatter(oralreadyinpiledupbaserunner)beforetheballpassestothecorrespondingrampartpositionarrivesfirst,forsafe,otherwiseleavesoffice,assoonasifthebatterarrivessmoothlyalongthecounterclockwisebuildsandtransformsintothebaserunner,thenrunsthesecondbase,thethirdbaseinturn,whenfinallyrunsbackthehomeplate,apoint.Inonegame,iftheattacksidehas3memberstoleaveoffice,thenattackedfinishes,bothsidesexchangedtheoffenseanddefense.Bilateralvariousoffensesanddefensesonetimeisonegame.

　　4th,homerun:Thehomerunisreferstothebattertoejectdirectlytheballtheoutfieldcirclenet,thistimethebatterandispilingupthebaserunnermayrunbackthehomeplateandscorepoints.

　　垒球介绍

　　垒球（softball）

　　1996年成为奥运会比赛项目

　　项目简介：

　　垒球技术难度、运动剧烈程度低于棒球，后成为女子项目。垒球运动的诞生完全是处于一种需要，由于恶劣的天气和拥挤的城市影响，棒球运动转移到室内，就形成了垒球运动。垒球诞生于19世纪80年代的美国芝加哥，这项运动很快发展起来，并逐渐又转移到室外，现在全世界有2,000万人进行这项体育运动。

　　同美国三大运动之一的棒球相比，垒球所需的场地小、球体大、球速慢(因为垒球运动的规则规定在抛球过程中，手必须要在肩下)。由于以上诸多优点，垒球运动很快风靡美国各地。

　　垒球运动分为两种——快速垒球和慢速垒球。垒球的这两种形式都深受美国人民的喜爱。随着二次世界大战中美国势力的扩张，垒球运动在全世界得到了推广。此后垒球逐渐成为女子运动。1950年代，垒球项目也从大众游戏转变成为竞技体育项目。澳大利亚早在1947年就举办了第一届全国女子垒球锦标赛，而相应的男子比赛直到1984年才开始。1965年，在澳大利亚的墨尔本举行的第一届女子垒球世锦赛决赛中，东道主澳大利亚队以1-0击败了美国队，夺得了世界冠军。这次比赛后快速垒球很快成为了垒球运动的主流。

　　第二届女子垒球世锦赛举行于1970年。此后每隔四年，便分别举办一次男子、女子、青年垒球世锦赛。时至今日在垒球运动产生百年之后，垒球仍然是全美最受欢迎的运动之一。世界垒球联合会也有了一百一十多个成员国。

　　垒球运动发展初期，包括四名游击手，每方有十名上场队员。慢速垒球又被称为kittenball和mushball,由于慢速垒球的规则要求投手掷出的球必须要有一弧线，从而有效的限制了球速，使得比赛的比分通常很高。与此相反快速垒球则是低分投手的竞争，比赛中也只有九名上场队员。

　　不过奥运会的垒球运动可不比职业棒球运动差多少，亚特兰大奥运会上，曾有投手投出了时速高达118公里的球。由于垒球的投手与击球手之间只有12.2米的距离，棒球为18.4米，一般棒球投手的球速为每小时160公里，所以对于垒球选手来说其反应能力不比棒球选手差多少。

　　另外在英文中名为“软球”的垒球其球体实际上与棒球同样坚硬。两种球的唯一不同之处在于，垒球体的周长为30.4厘米，棒球体的周长为22.8厘米。

　　竞赛：

　　奥运会垒球比赛共有八支球队参加，比赛按快速垒球的规则进行。八支参赛队中除东道主球队自动入围外，其它七支球队则通过各地区的预选赛产生。

　　这八支参赛队首先进行大循环赛，每队均要与其它七个对手相遇一次。循环赛中排名前四位的球队进入佩寄制半决赛，即由第一名球队对第二名球队，胜队直接进入决赛；负队则与第三名球队对第四名球队间的另外一场半决赛的胜队争夺另一决赛席位。

　　竞赛规则要点：

　　1、比赛一般进行7局，7局结束后夺得分多者获胜。如果7局比赛之后两队打平的话，将进入延长赛，直到有一方获胜为止。正式比赛一般有4名裁判执裁，分别为1名司球裁判和3名司垒裁判，重大比赛还会再增设2名司线裁判。双方各有9名队员上场参加比赛。

　　2、防守队员根据场上位置分别为：投手、接手、一垒手、二垒手、三垒手、游击手、左外场手、中外场手、右外场手。进攻队员依次按事先排定的次序上场击球。

　　3、得分和安全：在比赛中，击球员击打对方投手投出的球后，待球落在边线以内后才能跑垒，落到边线以外为界外球，击球员继续击球。如击出的球在空中即被防守队员接住，无论界内界外，击球员都直接出局。球落在界内后，防守队员须迅速捡起球并传向指定垒位，如果击球员（或已经在垒上的跑垒员）在球传到相应垒位之前先到达，则为安全，否则就出局，如果击球员沿逆时针方向顺利到达一垒并转变为跑垒员，然后依次跑上二垒、三垒，最后跑回本垒时，得一分。在一局内如果进攻方有3名队员出局，则进攻结束，双方交换攻守。双方各攻守一次为一局。

　　4、本垒打：本垒打是指击球员将球直接击出外场围网，此时击球员和所有在垒上的跑垒员都可以跑回本垒并得分。