高三英语知识考点整理概括
高考对冠词的考查集中在基本用法上,主要既反映在对泛指、特指及固定短语冠词的考查。抽象名词、物质名词的具体化依然是高考的重点、难点。接下来是我为大家整理的高三英语知识考点整理概括,希望大家喜欢!
高三英语知识考点整理概括一
1someone双语例句
Someoneexplainthatonetome!
有人解释说,一到了我!
Someonemustbeatthebackofthis.
这事一定有人在背后捣鬼。
Hefoundsomeoneonhim.
他发现有人在跟踪他。
2常用不定代词
some(something,somebody,someone),any(anything,anybody,anyone),no(nothing,nobody,noone),every(everything,everybody,everyone),all,each,both,much,many,(a)little,(a)few,other(s),another,none,one,either,neither等。
高三英语知识考点整理概括二
高中英语语法中的省略现象
在英语语言中,为了使语言简洁明了,重点突出或上下文紧密相连,可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子愿意不变,这种语言现象称之为省略。现就英语中的种.种省略现象分析如下:
一、并列复合句中的省略
在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如:
a)Theboypickedupacoinintheroadand(theboy)handedittoapoliceman.这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。
b)Youradvicemademehappybut(youradvicemade)Tomangry.你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。
c)TommusthavebeenplayingbasketballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.汤姆肯定一直在打篮球,玛丽一直在写作业。
d)GaoXiuminwasbornin1959andFuBiao(wasborn)in1963.高秀敏出生于1959年,傅彪出生于1963年。
二、主从复合句中的省略
1.状语从句中的省略
一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中:由when,while,as,before,after,till,until,once等引导的时间状语从句;由whether,if,unless等引导的条件状语从句;由though,although,evenif,whatever等引导的让步状语从句;由as,than等引导的比较状语从句;由as,asif,asthough等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时应遵循下面原则:
1)当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be,这时从句中可出现如下结构:(1)连词(as,asif,once)+名词;(2)连词(though,whether,when)+形容词;(3)连词(whether,asif,while)+介词短语;(4)连词(when,while,though)+现在分词;(5)连词
(when,if,evenif,unless,once,until,than,as)+过去分词;(6)连词(asif,asthough)+不定式。如:
a)Once(hewas)aworker,PangLongnowbecomesafamoussinger.庞龙曾经是个工人,现在变成一位著名的歌手。
b)Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou'llregret.趁年轻要努力学习,要不然你会后悔的。c)Helookedeverywhereasif(hewas)insearchofsomething.他到处看似乎在找什么东西。d)While(hewas)holdingtalkswithPresidentHuJintao,USPresidentGeorgeW.BushthankedChinaforitsimportantroleintheSix-PartyTalks.美国总统布什在与胡锦涛同志会谈时,感谢中国在六方会谈中起的重要作用。
e)Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthan(itwas)expected.这次展览比被预料的有趣的多。f)OlympicgoldmedallisthurdlerLiuXiangopenedhislipsasif(hewere)tospeak。奥林匹克金牌获得者跨栏运动员刘翔张开嘴好像要说什么。
注意:
1)当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时,间或也有这样的省略,如:
Herfathertoldhertobecarefulwhen(shewas)crossingthestreet.当她过马路时父亲告诉她要当心。
2)当从句的主语是it,谓语动词中又含有系动词be时,可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词(if,unless,when,whenever)+形容词的结构。如:
Unless(itis)necessary,you'dbetternotrefertothedictionary.如果没有必要,你最好不要查字典。
2.定语从句中的省略
1)一般说来,在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom可以省略;如:
Isthisreason(that)heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?这就是他在会上解释他工作中粗心的原因吗?(2002上海春季)
而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词which,whom不可以省略。试比较:
Tom(whom)yousawyesterdayfellill.(whom可以省)你昨天见到的汤姆病倒了。
Tom,whomyousawyesterday,fellill.(whom不可以省)汤姆病倒了,你昨天见到他了。
2)在口语和非正式用语中,关系副词when,where,和why经常用that来代替,甚至还可省略。如:
a)Thisisthefirsttime(when/that)hehadtroublewiththeboss.这是他第一次麻烦老板。b)Hewantstofindagoodplace(where/that)wecanhaveapicnicduringthe“goldenweek”holiday.他想找一个能在黄金周期间野餐的好地方。
c)Couldyoutellusthereason(why/that)hewassounhappy?你能告诉我们他为什么如此不高兴吗?
3)当先行词为表示方式的theway时,从句不能用how来引导,应该用that或inwhich,或将它们全部省略。如:
Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughather.我不喜欢你嘲笑他的行为。
3.宾语从句中的省略
1)在及物动词后面所接的宾语从句中,连词that一般可以省略;但如果及物动词后面是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句,那么只有第一个that可以省略。如:
a)Ithink(that)thereformoftherenminbi'sexchangerateisnecessary.我认为人民币兑换率的改革是必要的。
b)Hesaid(that)theAnti-secessionlawhadbeenpassedandthatPresidentHuJintaohadsignedapresidentialorder他说《反分裂国家法》已被通过,而且胡锦涛主席已签署了主席令。
2)由which,when,where,how,和why引导的宾语从句,可以全部或部分省略。如:
a)IknowthatNBAstarYaoMingwillcometoourcitybutIdon’tknowwhen(hewillcometoourcity).我知道NBA明星要到我们城市来但我不知道他什么时候来。
b)Hewantstomoveabroadbuthisparentswonderswhy(hewantstomoveabroad)他想搬迁到国外但他的父母想知道为什么。
4.在与suggest,request,order,advise等词相关的名词性从句中,须用虚拟语气形式“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。如:
Chirac,PresidentoftheRepublicofFrancesuggestedthattheChina-FranceCultureYear(should)lastlonginvariousforms.法国总统希拉克建议中法文化年以各种各样的形式长期持续。
5.主句省略多用于句首。如:
(Itisa)PitythatIdidn’tgotoMary'sbirthdaypartyyesterday.很遗憾,我昨天没有去参加玛丽的生日聚会。
6.在答语中,主句可全部省略。如:
—WhywereyouabsentfromschoollastFriday?—(Iwasabsentfromschool)Becausemymotherwasill.—上周五你为什么没有上学?—因为我妈妈病了。
三、简单句中的省略
1.省略主语
1)祈使句中的主语通常被省略如:
(You)Openthedoor,please.请开一下门。
2)其它省略主语多限于现成的说法如:
a)(I)Thankyouforyourhelp谢谢你的帮助。
b)(It)Doesn’tmatter.没关系。
2.省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分如:
a)(Thereis)Nosmoking.禁止抽烟
b)(Isthere)anythingelse?还有其他事吗?
c)(Youcome)Thiswayplease.请这边走。
d)(Willyou)Haveasmoke?抽烟吗?
3.省略宾语如:
—DoyouknowMr.Li?你认识李先生吗?—Idon’tknow(him.)我不认识他
4.省略表语如:
—Areyouthirsty?你30岁了吗?Yes,Iam(thirsty).是的,我是。
5.同时省略几个成分如:
a)—Areyoufeelingbetternow?你觉得好些了吗?—(Iamfeeling)Muchbetter(now)好多了。
b)(Iwish)Goodluck(toyou).祝你好运/祝你顺利。
四、动词不定式省略,只保留to的场合
1.不定式作某些动词的宾语时,这些动词常见的有:love,like,care,wish,hope,expect,prefer,refuse,mean,try,oblige,advise,persuade,agree,want,afford,forget,remember,try,manage等。如:
a)—Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.—Imeantto,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn’tfindheranywhere.—你本该在离开前谢谢她。—我本打算这么做,但当我就要离开的时候我却找不到她了。(2000上海春)
b)Youcandoitthiswayifyouliketo.如果你想做,你可以这么做。
2.不定式作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语时,这些动词常见的有:ask,tell,advise,force,persuade,wish,allow,permit,forbid,expect,order,warn等。如:
a)Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnotto.男孩想在街上骑他的自行车,但他母亲不让。(NMET1995)
b)Shewantstocomebutherparentswon’tallowherto(come).她想来,可是她父母不让。
3.不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时,常见的形容词有:happy,glad,eager,anxious,willing,ready等。如:
—Iwillbeawayonabusinesstrip.Couldyoumindlookingaftermycat?—Notatall.Iwouldbehappyto(lookafteryourcat).—我要出差,你能帮我照顾一下我的猫吗?—没关系,我很愿意。
4.不定式作某些复合谓语时,常见结构如:beableto,begoingto,haveto,oughtto,usedto等。如:
Hedoesn’tlikefishbutheusedto他现在不喜欢吃鱼,但过去喜欢。
五、动词不定式to的省略
1.主语部分有todo,系动词is或was时,作表语的不定式通常省去to。如:
Theonlythingyouhavetodoispressthebutton.你必须做的惟一事情是按按钮。
2.作介词but,expect,besides的宾语,前面又有实意动词do时,不定式通常省去to.如:HesaidthatChenShuibianhadnothingtodoexceptpushapro-“independence”timetable.他说陈水扁除了推进支持“独立”的时间表外,什么也没有做。
3.主语部分暗含todo,表语中的不定式通常省去to。如:
AllIwant(todo)isgotoschoolandstudyhard.我想要(做)的就是上学,努力学习。
4.当两个或多个不定式并列时,其后的不定式符号可以省略,但有对比关系时不可省略。如:Itiseasiertosaythantodo.说起来容易,做起来难。
5.在wouldrather?than?等结构中,不定式符号常常要省略.如:
Iwouldratherstayathomethangotoseeafilm.我宁愿呆在家也不愿去看电影。
6.在see,watch,notice,hear,listento,lookat,feel,have,make,let,observe等词后作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to;why(not)do结构中,不定式不带to。如:
a)Isawherentertheroom.我看见她进入了房间
b)Whynotjoinus?为什么不加入到我们的行列里来呢?
六.其他一些省略结构
1.名词所有格修饰的名词,若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时,常常可以省略。如:
WespenttheweekendattheMary's.我们在玛丽家过的周末。
2.What和how引导的感叹句中,常可省略主语it和be动词如:
a)Whatawonderfulvictory(itis)forTom!这对Tom来说是个多么大的胜利呀!
b)Howbeautiful(itis)tobetreatedlikeanormalchild.被当作一个正常孩子对待对他而言是多么美妙的一件事呀。
高三英语知识考点整理概括三
主谓一致练习
1.About60percentofthestudents_____fromthesouth,therestofthem_____fromthenorthandforeigncountries.
A.are/isB.are/areC.is/areD.are
2.Halfoftheworkershere_____under30_____.
A.is/yearsB.are/yearoldC.is/yearsoldD.are/yearsofage
3.NowTomwithhisclassmates_____footballontheplayground.
A.playB.areplayingC.playsD.isplaying
4.Thenumberofpagesinthisdictionary_____abouttwothousand.
A.areB.hasC.haveD.is
5.Thirtydollars_____tooexpensive.
A.areB.isC.wereD.be
6.Theaudience_____solargethatnoseatwasleftunoccupiedinthegreathall.
A.isB.areC.wasD.has
7.Thesecretaryandprincipal_____atthemeetingnow.
A.arespeakingB.isspeakingC.weremakingaspeechD.haveaspeech
8.Ifanybody_____,pleaseputdown_____name,saidtheteachertothemonitor.
A.wantstobuythebook/hisB.wanttobuythebook/their
C.willbuythebook/one'sD.wantstohavethebookbought/her
9.Nothingbutonedeskandsixchairs_____intheroom.
A.areB.isstayedC.isD.areleft
10.Havingarrivedatthestation,_____.
A.itwasfoundthatthetrainhadleft&nb,sp;B.th,etrai,nhadleft
C.thetrainwasfoundleftD.hefoundthatthetrainhadleft
11.Betweenthetworoads_____aTVtowercalledSkyscraperTower.
A.standsB.standingC.whichstandsD.stand
12.Eitherofyou_____goingtheretonight.
A.willB.wasC.isD.are
13.Youaswell_____right.
A.IareB.IamC.asIamD.asIare
14.AllbutDick_____inClassThreethisterm.
A.areB.isC.wereD.was
15.--ShallIwaithereforthreehours?
--Yes.Threehours___,__t,,,,,owaitforsuchadoctor.
A.arenotverylongforyouB.isnotlongenoughfo,,,,,ryou
C.wasnotlongenoughforyouD.willbetoolongforyou
16.Wheretogetthematerialsandhowtogetthem_____atthemeeting.
A.havenotdiscussedB.havenotbeendiscussed
C.hasnotdiscussedD.hasnotbeendiscussed
17.ItookmathematicsandphysicsbecauseIthinkthat_____veryimportantformetomakefurtherresearchinthisfield.
A.whatisB.theyareC.thisD.whichare
18.Everystudentandeveryteacher_____.
A.aregoingtoattendthemeetingB.haveattendedthemeeting
C.hasattendedthemeetingD.isattendedthemeeting
19.Threefourthsofthebread_____byBob,andtherestofthebread_____leftonthetable.
A.waseaten/wereB.wereeaten/wasC.wereeaten/wereD.waseaten/was
20.Thispairofshoes_____.
A.isherB.ishersC.arehersD.areher
21.There______nolifeonthemoon.
A.issaidtohaveB.aresaidtohaveC.issaidtobeD.aresaidtobe
22.Agroupof______areeating______and______atthefootofthehill
A.sheep;grass;leavesB.sheepsgrassesleaves
C.sheep;grassleafD.sheepsgrassleafs
23.Myfamilyraisealotof_______,includingtwo______.
A.cattlescowsB.cowscattleC.cattlecowsD.cow,cattles
24.Whathesaysandwhathedoes_______.
A.doesnotagreeB.donotagreeC.doesnotagreewithD.notagree
25.Theboyandthegirleach______toys.
A.havetheirownB.hastheirownC.haveherownD.hasherown
26.Sheistheonlyoneamongthe______writerswho______storiesforchildren.
A.woman,writesB.womenwriteC.womenwritesD.womanwrite
27.Therailwaystationis______fromourschool.
A.twohour`sdriveB.twohours`driveC.twohourdriveD.twohoursdrive
28.MikeandJohn`s______.
A.fatherisateacherB.fathersareteachers
C.fatherareteachersD.fathersareteacher
29.Agreatdealoftalkingandlisteningthat______undercasualcircumstancemayseemtobeaimless.
A.isoccurredB.areoccurredC.occursD.occur
30._______theclassroomneedstobecleaned.
A.EithertheofficesorB.TheofficesandC.BoththeofficeandD.Theofficeand
31.Three-fourthsofthehomework______today.
A.hasfinishedB.hasbeenfinishedC.havefinishedD.havebeenfinished
32.Morethan60percentoftheworld’sradioprogrammes______inEngland.
A.isB.wasC.areD.be
33.______workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople`slivingstandard
A.AgreatdealofB.AgreatmanyC.AlargenumberofD.Many
34.Therestofthemagazines______withinhalfanhour.
A.issoldoutB.aresoldoutC.wassoldoutD.weresoldout
35.There______alotofsugarinthejar.
A.hasB.haveC.isD.are
36.“All______presentandall______goingonwell”,ourmonitorsaid.
A.isisB.are,areC.areisD.isare
37.YesterdaytheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor______askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.
A.isB.wasC.areD.were.
38.Maryaswellashersisters______ChineseinChina.
A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.study
39.Therich______notalwayshappy.
A.areB.isC.willD.may
40.______canbedone______done.
A.All,havebeenB.Allthat,havebeenC.AllhasD.Allthat,hasbeen
41.Eitheroftheplans______equallydangerous.
A.areB.isC.hasD.have
42.Thepolice______themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.
A.issearchingB.weresearchingfor
C.aresearchingD.wassearchingfor
43.Yourtrousers______dirty,youmusthave______washed.
A.isitB.areitC.arethemD.isthem
44.TheOlympicgames______heldeveryfour______.
A.isyearsB.areyearsC.isyearD.areyear
45.Heistheolyoneofthestudentswho______elected.
A.areB.haveC.hasD.is
46.______agoodenoughpriceforthisbook
A.TwoyuansareB.TwoyuanareC.TwoyuansisD.Twoyuanis
47.Nobirdandnobeast______inthelonelyisland
A.areseenB.isseenC.seeD.sees
48.Everymeans______preventthewaterfrom______
A.areusedtopollutingB.getusedtopolluting
C.isusedto,pollutedD.isusedto,beingpolluted
49.Eachofthe______intheship.
A.passengerhashisownroomB.passengershavetheirownroom
C.passengerhavetheirownroomD.sengershashisownroom
50.Whatweneed______goodtextbooks.
A.isB.areC.haveD.has
51.Whatyousaidjustnow______todowiththematterwearediscussing.
A.havesomethingB.hassomethingC.hadsomethingD.wassomething
52.Eitheryourparentsoryourelderbrother______toattendthemeetingtomorrow.
A.isB.areC.aregoingD.have
53.Neitherofthenovelswhich______popularwithus______beentranslatedintoChinese.
A.arehasB.arehaveC.ishaveD.ishas
54.Everyboyandeverygirl______toattendtheeveningparty.
A.wishB.wishesC.hopeD.arehoping
55._______hasbeendone.
A.nety—ninepercentsoftheworkB.Halfofwhathepromised
C.Two-fifthsofthearticlesD.Threequarterofthebusiness
答案:
1-5BDDDB6-10ABACD11-15ACDAB16-20DBCDB
21-25CACBA26-30CBACA31-35CCADC36-40CBCAD
41-45BBCBD46-50DBDDB51-55BAABB
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